CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
Q: What are essential, nonessential and conditional nutrients?
Essential cannot be synthesized in the body, non-essential can be synthesized and conditional only become essential under certain conditions
If you are not getting enough __________________, symptoms will follow dose-response relationship.
Essential nutrients
The dietary reference intake (DRI) recommends what?
Intake levels for vitamins, minerals and macronutrients
What was the DRI goal and what is the goal currently?
Was: goal to prevent deficiencies in groups, now: prevention of chronic diseases
Equation: RDA = ?
EAR + 2 x SDear
What is TUL?
Tolerable upper intake level; highest level of daily intake likely to pose no risk of AE to almost all individuals, Risk of AE increases as intake increases.
What is AI?
Adequate intake; used as goal when not enough scientific evidence to set an RDA, based on observed or experimentally determined approx of nutrient intake for a group of healthy people
What is RDA?
- based on median ht and wt of population, age and gender specific
- reflects safe excess intake
- if intake not near or at RDA consistently may become deficient over time
- does not include athletes or sick whose requirements may be different
Is EAR more for individuals or groups?
EAR is more for groups. Groups should aim for this intake.
Is RDA more for individuals or groups?
RDA is more for individuals. Individuals should aim for the RDA intake.
Is AI meant to be used for individuals or groups?
It can be used for both! For individuals, use if RDA isn’t available
Is TUL for indviduals or group?
use for both
What is enrichment?
The replacement of vitamins and/or minerals that were lost in the refinement/processing of a food. (When you bleach flour, you use some nutrients. Enrichment is adding back the nutrients that were lost.)
What is fortification?
The addition of vitamins and/or minerals that were not originally present in a food or beverage. (Adding nutrients that weren’t previously there. Like iodine, to salt.)
What does Health Canada do?
Regulates the labeling of food products in Canada, through Food and Drugs Act.
What does the Canadian Food Inspection Agency do?
enforces food regulations of the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations.
What is the % Daily Value nutrient based on?
Highest recommended intake for each age and sex group. Based on 2000 kcal reference diet.
For which is the %Daily Value not there?
None for protein and sugar
Which daily value is optional?
cholesterol
What qualifies as sodium free?
Less than 5 mg
What qualifies as low in fat?
3g or less of fat per specific amount of food
If something is “reduced” it has ____% less of the nutrient compared
25
“Source of fiber” means there must be….
2g or more of fiber
High in fiber
4g or more
Very high in fiber
6g or more
Source of vitamins or minerals
at least 5% of DV
The Nutrition Facts table, the list of ingredients, nutrition claims and some health claims are regulated by?
Health Canada
What is the 3 day dietary survey?
recording of all food consumed for 3 days
What is 3 day weighed food record?
Weighing and recording all food consumed for 3 days
What is duplicate food collections?
Saving a duplicate of each food for chemical analysis
What is 24-hour recall?
Questionnaire or interview to assess dietary intake in the previous 24 hours
What is food frequency?
Questionnaire or interview with questions about the frequency of intake of certain foods
What is diet history?
Combo of 24 hour recall and food frequency
Which one tends to OVER estimate low energy and high energy intake?
Food frequency
Which method is usually used for individuals?
FFQ
Which method is usually used for groups?
FFQ
Which method is more actual for groups?
Food records
What’s processed foods?
Food treated resulting in changed characteristics
What are food additives?
Used to lengthen shelf life, enhance colour, texture, taste, facilitate food preparation or make foods more marketable
Can processed food contain additives?
Yes
Which method is more actual for individuals?
dupicate portions
