chapter 5 Flashcards
facilitated diffusion is apart of which type of transport
passive transport
sodium potassium pumps move what?
3 Na+ out
2 K+ in
(more positive charged out which makes it more negative)
which of the following cell structures exhibits selectively permeability between a cell and its external environment?
lysosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
what does the fluid aspect of the fluid mosaic reference?
the lateral rotational movement of phospholipids
what accounts for the mosaic part of the fluid mosaic?
embedded proteins
membrane carbohydrates primarily function in what?
cell-cell recognition
is glucose a polar or non polar molecule?
polar
which molecules have the easiest time passively diffusing across a membrane?
small, hydrophobic molecules
in which direction does passive transport normally occur
passive transport can occur in either direction
how does the net movement of the population of solute occur
down the concentration gradient
diffusion
the tendency of molecules to spread out in available spaces. A substance will diffuse from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy input
does diffusion require energy
no, natural flow
where does facilitated diffusion occur?
through channels or transport proteins in the membrane
does facilitated diffusion require energy?
no it only requires a concentration gradient
endocytosis
the procedure that cells use to import large molecules across their plasma membrane
pinocytosis
the uptake of liquid and the solutes dissolved in the liquid
protein kinase
transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a protein
the general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is
protein kinase
passive transport
substance diffuses down its own concentration gradient, no energy needed, includes facilitated diffusion
active transport
against the gradient, requires energy, includes ion pumps and cotransporters
bulk transport
includes exocytosis and endocytosis
hypotonic solution
less solute concentration outside the cell
do hypotonic solutions gain or lose water?
gain
what is the scientific term for a cell that bursts?
lysed
hypertonic solution
greater solute concentration outside the cell
does a hypertonic gain or lose water?
lose
turgid
hypotonic
plasmolyzed
hypertonic
channel proteinshydrophillic channels that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel
channel proteins
bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane
carrier proteins
what essentially occurs in a sodium potassium pump?
3 Na out
2 K in
what are the 3 steps of cell signaling?
Reception
Transduction
Response
stimulates breakdown of the glycogen within the liver cells and skeletal muscle cells
hormone epinephrine
