Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 190 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

proton number + neutron number =

A

atomic mass number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atomic mass - atomic number=

A

neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

isotopes of a an element will always differ in

A

atomic mass

same number of protons different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adhesion

A

attraction of one substance to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

acid solutions have a pH between

A

0-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

donates hydrogen ions to a solution

A

acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

accepts hydrogen ions from a solution

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

organic molecules

A

contain Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the 3-D shape created by hybrid orbitals that are formed when a carbon atom is covalently bonded with four other atoms?

A

a tetrahedron with carbon in the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are hydrocarbons hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which group is present in all amino acids?

A

-NH2

amino group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

for a compound to be an amino acid it must contain what?

A

a carboxyl and amino functional group

-COOH, -NH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functional groups most commonly determine

A

chemical properties such as the polarity and reactivity of certain molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is one thing that all functional groups have in common?

A

they are all hydrophilic

therefore they all increase solubility of organic molecules in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alcohols are distinguished by the presence of which functional group?

A

hydroxyl (-OH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thiol

A

contains a sulfhydryl (-SH) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

energy is released from ATP during a hydrolysis reaction when

A

the phosphate group is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hydrolysis

A

process by which polymers are separated into monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the process when monomers are linked to form polymers?

A

dehydration or condensation reactions

when monomers are linked together to form a more complex polymer a water molecule is removed by dehydration reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the type of bond monomers into polymers is a _____ bond

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for

A

energy storage and release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dissacharides

A

sucrose, lactose, maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

peptide bonds link

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nucleotides are joined together by which linkages?

A

phosphodiester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

fatty acids are joined together by?

A

ester linkages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which linkages can not be broken down by human digestive enzymes?

A

glycosidic linkages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which has more double bonds, saturated or unsaturated triacylglycerols

A

unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

tertiary structure is determined by

A

overall shape
R-chains interact
hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic R groups, iconic bonds between R groups, van der Waals interactions and disulfide bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

primary structure

A

amino acids order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

secondary structure

A

Beta sheets, alpha helices

Hydrogen bonding on backbone btwn skeletons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

quationary structure

A

multiple proteins pulled together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

how do you form polymers?

A

long streaks of monomers bond together by covalent bonds through a dehydration reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the 3 true polymers?

A

carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins

35
Q

what are the carbohydrate monomers?

A

monosaccharides, multiples of CH2O

36
Q

what are the carbohydrate polymers?

A

polysaccharides

37
Q

what type of bonds do carbohydrates make?

A

glycosidic linkages

38
Q

examples of a carb

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

39
Q

what does starch do

A

stores energy (plants)

40
Q

what does glycogen do?

A

stores energy (animals)

41
Q

what does cellulose do?

A

structural

42
Q

what is chitin

A

structural (insects and fungi)

43
Q

what is the lipid monomer?

A

fatty acid

44
Q

what is the lipid polymer

A

triglycerol

45
Q

what type of bonds do lipids make?

A

ester bonds

46
Q

are lipids polar or non-polar?

examples of lipids

A

non-polar, therefore hydrophobic.

fats, steroids

47
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

48
Q

polymer of proteins

A

polypeptides

49
Q

what type of bonds do proteins make?

A

peptide bonds

50
Q

triglycerol has how many fatty acid tails?

A

2 instead of 3 w/ a phosphate group

51
Q

phospholipid is what?

A

triglycerol with 2 fatty acid tails

  • phosphate group (hydrophilic)
  • fatty acid tails (hydrophobic)
52
Q

what are steroids?

A

cholesterol

53
Q

as temp goes down cholesterol

A

increases fluidity

54
Q

as temp goes up cholesterol

A

helps maintain structure

55
Q

R-groups/ side chains

A

polar-oxygen
non-polar - C&H
acidic - negative
basic - positive

56
Q

nucleic acid monomers

A

nucleotide

57
Q

nucleotide must have

A

phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

58
Q

what are the 3 disaccharides?

A

maltose, sucrose and glucose

59
Q

what type of bonds do the disaccharides have?

A

glycosidic linkages

60
Q

what makes up maltose?

A

glucose x 2

61
Q

what makes up sucrose

A

glucose + fructose

62
Q

what makes up lactose

A

glucose + galactose

63
Q

nucleic acid polymer

A

amino acids

64
Q

nucleic acids linkages

A

phosphodiester

65
Q

purines

A

2 ring Nitrogen bases (A&G)

66
Q

pyrimidines

A

1 ring Nitrogen bases (T/C/U)

67
Q

properties of hydrocarbon

A

hydrophobic, non-polar, good source of energy

  • no charge
  • no functional group
68
Q

what is an ester link?

A

a type of covalent bond between a hydroxyl and carboxyl group

69
Q

what are the 7 chemical groups most important in bio process?

A

hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amino, sulfuhydryl, phosphate, methyl

70
Q

hydroxyl compound name

A

alcohol

71
Q

hydroxyl structure

A

-OH

72
Q

carbonyl compound name

A

either a ketone (in the middle)

or a aldehyde (off to the side)

73
Q

carbonyl structure

A

\
C=O
/

74
Q

carboxyl compound name

A

carboxylic acid / organic acid

75
Q

carboxyl structure

A 
O
    //
--C
     \
     OH
76
Q

Amino compound name

A

Amine

77
Q

amino structure

A 
H
     /
--N
     \
       H
78
Q

sulfhydryl compound name

A

compound name Thiol

79
Q

sulfhydryl structure

A

–SH

80
Q

phosphate compound name

A

organic phosphate

81
Q

phosphate structure

A 
O
        ll
--O--P--O--
        l
       O-
82
Q

methyl compound name

A

methylate compound

83
Q

methyl structure

A 
H
   l
--C--H
   l
  H

Biology 190 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions