Chapter 5

Question 1

individual learning

Answer 1

a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. Individual learning differs from social learning in that it does not involve learning from others.

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

the observable characteristics of an organism

Question 3

phenotypic plasticity

Answer 3

the ability of an organism to produce different phenotypes depending on differing environmental conditions

Question 4

sensitization

Answer 4

becoming more sensitive to a stimuli over time

Question 5

habituation

Answer 5

becoming less sensitive to a stimuli over time

Question 6

appetitive stimulus

Answer 6

any stimulus that is considered positive, pleasant, or rewarding

Question 7

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 7

a stimulus that elicits a vigorous response in the absence of training

Question 8

conditioned response

Answer 8

the learned response to a conditioned stimulus

Question 9

conditioned stimulus

Answer 9

a stimulus that initially fails to elicit a particular response but comes to do so when it becomes associated with a second stimulus

Question 10

aversive stimulus

Answer 10

any stimulus that is unpleasant; shock, odors…

Question 11

operant response

Answer 11

a learned action that an animal makes to change it’s environment

Question 12

Sara Shettleworth interview

Answer 12

all animals can learn, even single celled organisms show habituation and sensitization. cognitive ecology refers to the study of the role of cognitive mechanisms in solving ecological problems.