Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
macromolecules
A
large molecules and are complex
2
Q
three of the four classes of life’s organic molecules are polymers (macromolecules)
A
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- nucleic acids
(lipids are not macromolecules)
3
Q
carbohydrates include:
A
sugars and the polymers of sugars
4
Q
proteins account for:
A
- more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells
- some proteins speed up chemical reactions (enzymes)
- other functions: defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, or structural support
5
Q
dehydration reaction
A
occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule (removing water to create bonds)
6
Q
hydrolysis
A
a reaction that is essentially the reverse of dehydration (breaking down with water)
7
Q
lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of:
A
hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds
8
Q
DNA provides:
A
directions for its own replication
9
Q
DNA directs synthesis of:
A
messenger RNA (mRNA) and through mRNA controls protein synthesis
10
Q
RNA is :
A
single stranded
11
Q
in RNA, thymine is replaced by:
A
uracil
