Chapter 1

Question 1

eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus. (ex. mitochondria, plant cell)

Question 2

prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

simple and smaller than eukaryotic cell, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles. (ex. bacteria)

Question 3

Darwin’s two main theories

Answer 3

1. Species showed evidence of “descent with modification” from common ancestors
2. “natural selection” is the mechanism behind decent with modification

Question 4

Darwin observed that:

Answer 4

1. individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are heritable
2. more offspring are produced than survive, and competition is inevitable
3. species general suit their environment

Question 5

Darwin inferred that:

Answer 5

1. individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
2. over time, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

the environment selects for the propagation of beneficial traits

Question 7

Darwin proposed that natural selection could cause an ancestral species to give rise to:

Answer 7

two or more descendent species

Question 8

inquiry

Answer 8

the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena (asking questions)

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

a tentative answer to a well-framed scientific question

Question 10

theory

Answer 10

• broader in scope than a hypothesis
• general
• supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis

Question 11

controlled experiment

Answer 11

an experimental group is compared with a control group