Chapter 5 Flashcards
Associative stage
The second stage of learning in the fitts and posner model; the intermediate stage on the learning stages continuum
Autonomous stage
The third stage of learning in the fitts and posner model; the final stage on the learning stages continuum also called the automatic stage
Fixation
The learners goal in the second stage of learning in Gentiles model for learning closed skills in which learners refine movement patterns to produce them correctly, consistently, and efficiently from trail to trail
Diversification
The learners goal in the second stage of learning in gentile model for learning open skill in which learners acquire the capability to modify the movement pattern according to environmental context characteristics
Power law of practice
Mathematical law describing in the negatively accelerating change in the rate of performance improvement during skill learning large amount of improvement rates characterize further practice
Freezing the degree of freedom
common initial strategy of beginning learners to control the many degrees of freedom associated with the coordination demands of a motor skill; the person holds some joints rigid (i.e., “freezes” them) and/or couples joint motions together in tight synchrony while performing the skill
Cognitive stage
The first stage of learning in the fits and posner model; intermediate stage on the learning stages continuum
performance curve
a line graph describing performance in which the level of achievement of a performance measure is plotted for a specific sequence of time (e.g., sec., min., days) or trials; the units of the performance measure are on the y-axis (vertical axis) and the time units are on the x-axis (horizontal axis). This curve is sometimes referred to as a learning curve.
retention test
test of a practiced skill that a learner performs following an interval of time after practice has ceased
transfer test
test in which a person performs a skill that is different from the skill that he or she practiced, or performs the practiced skill in a context or situation that is different from the practiced context or situation
performance plateau
when learning a skill, a period of time in which the learner experiences no performance improvement after having experienced consistent improvement; typically, the learner then experiences further improvement with continued practice
novel skill context characteristics
source of feedback, physical environment, personal characteristics, and combo