Chapter 5

Question 1

seismology

Answer 1

The study of earthquakes.

Question 2

deformation

Answer 2

The bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress.

Question 3

elastic rebound

Answer 3

The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its UN -deformed shape.

Question 4

seismic wave

Answer 4

A wave of energy that travels through the Earth, away from an earthquake in all directions.

Question 5

P wave

Answer 5

A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back and forth direction.

Question 6

S wave

Answer 6

A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side to side direction.

Question 7

seismograph

Answer 7

An interment that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake.

Question 8

seismogram

Answer 8

a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph.

Question 9

epicenter

Answer 9

The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquakes starting point or focus.

Question 10

focus

Answer 10

The point along the fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs.

Question 11

Gap hypothesis

Answer 11

A hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time.

Question 12

Seismic gap

Answer 12

An area along a fault where reality few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past.