Chapter 5 Flashcards
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States. T/F
False
The genetic alterations associated with neoplasia are passed to daughter cells upon cell division. T/F
True
Cancers are caused by only DNA mutations. T/F
False
DNA methylation and histone modifications are associated with _____.
A. mutations
B. epigenetics
B. Epigenetics
All tumors are \_\_\_\_\_\_ A. Clonal B. Sarcoma C. Malignant D. Carcinomas
A. Clonal
In regards to tumor structure, \_\_\_\_\_ is the supportive foundation for \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Stroma, Parenchyma B. Parenchyma, Stroma C. Stroma, Epithelium D. Epithelium, Extracellular matrix
Stroma, Parenchyma
Parenchyma is non-neoplasmic. T/F
False
Are the cells in the stroma neoplastic or non-neoplastic?
Non-neoplastic
Stroma forms the supportive structure of a tumor, including _____ and ______.
A. Basement membrane and vessels
B. Vessels and Extracellular Matrix
C. Fibrous capsule and Extracellular matrix
B. Vessels and Extracellular Matrix
Which of the following has the greatest impact on the biological behavior of a neoplasm? A. Stroma B. Parenchyma C. Supportive connective tissue D. Blood Supply
B. Parenchyma
Which of the following has the greatest impact on the longevity of the neoplasm?
A. Parenchyma
B. Stroma
B. Stroma
Which of the follwing is not a hallmark of cancer development? A.. Angiogenesis B. Anaerobic Glycolysis C. Limitless replication D. Evasion of apoptosis
B. Anaerobiv glycolysis
Which of the following refers to a benign neoplasm derived from glandular tissue? A. Sarcoma B. Adenoma C. Carcinoma D. Hamartoma
B. Adenoma
Which of the following is a benign tumor which resembles the tissues of its origin? A. Hamartoma B. Teratoma C. Papilloma D. Cyst
A. Hemartoma
Which of the following is a mixed tumor that contains cells from 3 embryonic germ cell layers? A. Hamartoma B. Sarcoma C. Papilloma D. Teratoma
D. Teratoma
Benign tumors are more likely to be anaplastic and malignant tumors are well-differentiated. T/F
False
Which of these features is not associated with anaplastic tumors? A. Hyperchromatic B. Increased number of mitotic figures C. Well-differentiated cells D. Pleomorphic cells
C. Well-differentiated cells
In general, benign tumors contain fewer mutations than cancers. T/F
True
A lipoma is a malignant tumor of mature fat cells. T/F
False
A loss or reduction of cellular differentiation is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Metaplasia B. Papilloma C. Anaplasia D. Hyperplasia
C. Anaplasia
Which of the following represents cells that are disorderly, but still non-neoplastic?
A. Dysplasia
B. Anaplasia
C. Neoplasia
A. Dysplasia
Poorly differentiated tumors grow more rapidly than do well-differentiated tumors. T/F
True
Malignant tumors that are composed of undifferentiated cells are considered anaplastic. T/F
True
Which of the following is most likely to have a fibrous capsule? A. Cancer B. Malignant neoplasm C. Secondary metastasis D. Benign neoplasm
D. Benign neoplasm
Which of the following unequicovally identifies a tumor as being malignant? A. Local invasiveness B. A fast rate of growth C. Metastasis D. Anaplasia
C. Metastasis
Which 2 anatomic regions are most frequently involved sites of cancer metastasis? A. Liver B. Breast tissue C. skeletal muscle D. Lung
A. Liver and D. Lung
Where do Osteosarcomas commonly metastasize to? A. Liver B. Lungs C. Skeletal Muscle D. Breast Tissue
B. Lungs
Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract commonly metastasize to what organ? A. Lungs B. Heart C. Liver D. Hip bone
C. Liver
What type of dissemination is the most rapid?
A. Within the body cavity
B. Lymphatic
C. Hemotogenous
C. Hemotogenous
Carcinomas commonly use what type of dissemination?
A. Within the body cavity
B. Lymphatic
C. Hemotogenous
B. Lymphatic
What is the first lymph node in the metastasis pathway?
A. Jugulo-digastic node
B. Spleen
C. Sentinal
C. Sentinal
Tumors of the \_\_\_\_\_ are the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among females. A. Breast B. Ovary C. Colorectal region D. Lung
D. Lung
Among U.S. females, the death rate from uterine cervical cancer is \_\_\_\_\_ while the death rate from lung cancer is \_\_\_\_\_. A. Increasing, increasing B. Decreasing, decreasing C. Increasing, decreasing D. Decreasing, increasing
D. Decreasing, increasing
Environmental factors are the predominant cause of the most common sporadic cancers. T/F
True