Chapter 5

Question 1

Political Socialization

Answer 1

The process by which we develop our political attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Question 2

Demographics

Answer 2

The study of the characteristics of populations.

Question 3

Political Predisposition

Answer 3

A characteristic of individuals that is predictive of political behavior.

Question 4

Reinforcing Cleavages

Answer 4

Divisions within society that reinforce one another, making groups more homogenous or similar.

Question 5

Cross-cutting cleavages

Answer 5

Divisions within society that cut across demographic categories to produce groups that are more heterogenous or different.

Question 6

Manifest Destiny

Answer 6

A notion held by nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Question 7

Race

Answer 7

A grouping of human beings with distinctive characteristics determined by genetic inheritance.

Question 8

Ethnicity

Answer 8

A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.

Question 9

Gender Gap

Answer 9

The difference between the political opinions of political behavior of men and of women.

Question 10

Fundamentalists

Answer 10

Conservative Christians who as a group have become more active in politics in the last two decades and were especially influential in the 2000 presidential election.

Question 11

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 11

The total output of all economic activity in the nation, including foods and services.

Question 12

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 12

A division of population based on occupation, income, and education.

Question 13

Ethnocentrism

Answer 13

Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group.