Chapter 5 Flashcards
A rule or guideline that directs individual, organizational, or social behavior
Policy
Agreements with foreign countries
Treaties
Specific rules based on more broadly written statutory law passed by congress
Regulations
Special legal instructions, drafted by the president, for use by government agencies
Executive order
Early environmental laws that gave the federal government the right to manage western lands
General land ordinances
Responsible for U.S. Water quality, air pollution and solid waste management
Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental policy aims to
Promote fairness among people and groups in the use of resources
The primary role of the United Nations is to
Cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems
Legislation passed by congress
Statutory law
Enforcement and elaboration of U.S. statutory law is given to
Administrative agencies
Environmental impact statement is required
for any federal action that may affect U.S. Environmental quality
Major source of funds for global economic development
World bank
If gas rises to $5, conservation will increase, alternative fuels will develop, and energy efficiency and our quality of life will improve. This view is consistent with________________ economics
Environmental
If gas prices rise to $5 per gallon, growth will slow significantly and our quality of life will decline. This is consistent with ____________ economics
Neoclassical
Social changes in the U.S. 20th century gave rise to environmental laws concerned primarily with
reducing pollution caused by industry
Environmental damage from industry or land development has traditionally been labeled as __________ by economists
External costs
First national park
Yellowstone
Rachel Carson’s book “Silent Spring”
Focused on pollutants, including industrial chemicals
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Required environmental impact statements for any projects funded by the U.S. Government
To control pollution, industry have been giving limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called
Command and control
Sewage found in Tijuana river was
A transboundary problem
The principle that “internal costs” , which are the costs and benefits borne by the buyer and seller, represent economics of all transactions is a principle of
Neoclassical economics
Internal environmental policies arise from
International conventions or treaties
The UNEP
Is the environmental arm of the United Nations
Juanita and Sam
Talking to a local environmental group about solutions
The entire environmental policy process
Includes more steps than the average citizen is able to accomplish alone
The world bank was established to
Fund economic development for all countries
Critics of world trade organization
Complain that it frequently worsens environmental problems
Lobbying, legal action and campaign funding are means of
Public sector
Norman Myers pointed out that government subsidies are often
Supporting activities and businesses that are environmentally harmful
Cap and trade is a system that
Permits industries industries that pollute under federal cap
The supply and demand graph tells us
Non-market value of ecosystem service drops
A distinguishing feature of ecological economics is the concept of
Steady state economics
Robert Constanza and his colleagues have shown
Value of ecosystem services is more than $45 trillion in 2011
Rising per capita consumption of goods and rising population growth lead to
Steady-state economics
