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Embryo > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

1st phase of human development

A

growth - cell division and elaboration of cell products

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2
Q

2nd phase human development

A

morphogenesis - development of size, shape, or other features of a particular organ/part of body

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3
Q

3rd phase human development

A

differentiation - maturation of physiological processes

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4
Q

forgut derivatives

A

pharynx, esophagus, etc

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5
Q

forgut location

A

between brain and heart

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6
Q

what separtates forgut from stomodeum

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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7
Q

what develops into the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

septum transversum

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8
Q

after folding, where does the pericardial coelum lye

A

ventral to heart and cranial to septum transversum

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9
Q

cloaca

A

primordium of urinary bladder and rectum

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10
Q

connecting stalk

A

primordium of umbilical cord

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11
Q

primitive streak location before and after folding

A

cranial to cloacal membrane before and caudal to it after

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12
Q

what is lateral folding produced by

A

rapidly growing spinal cord and somites

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13
Q

omphaloenteric duct

A

remnant of connection between midgut and umbilical vesicle after lateral folding

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14
Q

what are inductive processes limited by

A

space and time

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15
Q

3 ways transmission of signal can occur in iductive interactions

A

1) diffusion of signal substance like Shh 2) matrix-mediated 3)cell-contact mediated

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16
Q

4th week overview

A

neural tube formed (open at ends), pharyngeal arches appear, heart produces large ventral prominence, forebrain produces prominent elevation, upper buds form, otic pits form, lens placodes, caudal neuropore closed by end of week

17
Q

what is formed by 24 days

A

first 2 pharyngeal arches

18
Q

first pharyngeal arch

A

aka mandibular arch; forms mandible, rostral extension contributes to maxilla

19
Q

number of arches visible by day 26

A

3 pairs

20
Q

when are upper limb buds recognizable

A

day 26-27 as small swellings on ventrolateral body walls

21
Q

how many arches are seen at the end of the 4th week

A

4 pairs

22
Q

what is a characteristic feature seen towards the end of the 4th week

A

long-tail-like caudal eminence

23
Q

5th week overview

A

head growth, face contacts heart prominence, 2nd arch overgrows 3rd and 4th arches, mesonephric ridges seen

24
Q

cervical sinus

A

formed by rapidly growing 2nd arch overgrowing arches 3 and 4; lateral ectodermal depression on each side

25
Q

overview week 6

A

refex response to touch, elbow/handplate/digital ray development (leg 4-5 days later), spontaneous movements, auricular hillocks, retinal pigment formed (eyes obvious), trunk and neck begin straigtening, intestines enter extraembryonic coelom

26
Q

auricular hillocks

A

develop around groove/cleft btwn first two arches; becomes external acoustic meatus and contributes to auricle

27
Q

overview 7th week

A

limb changes (notches btwn rays in hands), communication btwn primordial gut and umbilical vesicle reduced to slender duct, ossification of bones of upper limbs

28
Q

8th week overview

A

digits in hands separated but webbed; notches in feet rays; caudal eminece present but stubby; scalp vascular plexus appears; digit completely separated and lengthened; PURPOSEFUL limb movements; ossification in femur; caudal eminence dissapears; distinct human features; neck region established; eyelids more obvious (unite by end of week); auricles assume final shape; genitalia differences (not enough for accurate determination)

29
Q

gestational age

A

based off of last known menstral cycle (LNMP)

30
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty menstration

31
Q

calculating embryonic age of 3rd to early 4th week

A

greatest length (embryos are straight)

32
Q

when is crown-rump length used

A

older embryos (use longest measurement)

33
Q

when is standing height/crown-heal length used

A

8 week embryos

34
Q

Carnegie Embryonic Staging System

A

used size, shape, developmentsal progress to stage embryos

35
Q

greatest variation in embryo size

A

4 weeks and less, less variation at end of embryonic period

Embryo (5 decks)

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