Chapter 5 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Wavelength
Shortest distance between equivelant points on a continous wave
Electromagnetic radiation
Form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
Frequency
Number of waves that pass a given point per second
Amplitude
Wave’s height from the origin to a crest or from the origin to the trough
Electromagnetic spectrum
Em spectrum
Encompasses all forms of electromagnetic radition
The only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wave lengths
Quantum
Minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
Planck’s constant
E is energy
H is plancks constant
V is frequency
Photoelectric effect
Proton goes in electron comes out
Photon
Particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy
Atomic emission spectrum
Element is the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element
Ground state
The lowest allowable energy state of an atom
De brogile equation
Predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
States that it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time
Quantum mechanical model of the atom
Limits an electron’s energy to certain values
No attempt to describe the electron’s path around the nucleus
Atomic orbital
Three dimensional region around the nucleus
Principal quantum number
n
Indicates the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals
Principal energy level
The major energy levels of an atom
Energy sublevel
The energy levels contained within a principal energy level
Electron configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom
Aufbau principle
States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
Pauli exclusion principle
States that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins
Hund’s rule
States that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbital
Valence electron
Defined as electrons in the atoms outermost orbitals generally those orbitals assosciated with the atoms highest principal energy level
Electron dot structure
Consists of the elements symbol which represents the atomic nucleus and inner level elctrons surrounded by dots representing the atoms valence electrons