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Chem > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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0
Q

Barometer

A

An instrument that is used to measure atmospheric pressure

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1
Q

Pressure

A

Force applied per unit area

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2
Q

Pascal

A

The si unit of pressure

Pa is equal to a force of one newton per square meter

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3
Q

Atmosphere

A

The unit that is often used to report air pressure

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4
Q

What is pressure

A

P=Force/area

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5
Q

How is pressure measured

A

Barometer

Manometer

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6
Q

Barometer is a what kind of system

A

Closed

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7
Q

Manometer

A

Compares the pressure changes from 1 step to another

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8
Q

What are the units of of pressure

A 
Paschal
Mmhg
Atm
Torr
Psi
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9
Q

What is the formula of kinetic energy

A

Ke=1/2mvsquared

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10
Q

What is the formula of daltons law of partial pressure

A

P1+p2+p3…………

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11
Q

What happens to the temp as phase changes

A

The temp stays the same/constant

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12
Q

What are the box definitions of solids liquids gases

A

Solid: fixed shape and volume
Liquid: fixed volume/ not fixed shape
Gas: not fixed shape/volume

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13
Q

What is a condensed state of matter

A

Solid/liquid

Water is unique-has hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of liquids compared to solids and gases

A

Has more flow than solids
Intermolecular force is stronger than gases
Weaker than solids

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15
Q

How do intermolecular affect the state of matter

A

Stronger=liquid or solid

Weaker=gas

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16
Q

What are the three intermolecular forces

A

Dispersion
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonding

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17
Q

Dispersion

A

Non polar molecules
Very little to no electronegativity difference
Weak

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18
Q

Dipole-dipole

A

Polar molecules
Greater electronegativity difference
Stronger

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19
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

Molecule contains hydrogen highly electronegativity difference + 2nd smaller molecule containing nitrogen
Oxygen
Flourine

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20
Q

During sublimation is energy required or released

A

Energy is required

Endo

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21
Q

What is another name for dispersion force

A

Temporary dipole
London dispersion force
Induced dipole

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22
Q

How does molar mass affect diffusion/effusion

A

Heavier= slower effusion

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23
Q

What is surface tension

A

Caused by the inward pull of molecules on each other

Cohesion

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24
Kinetic molecular theory states that gas molecules are in
Constant random motion
25
Size of gas molecules is very small compared to the space between them
So relatively a gas is mostly empty space
26
This great amount of space there are no intermolecular forces between mokecules
That means that they dont attract one another
27
Gas molecules move
In a straight and continue to move in a straight line until they hit something
28
Collisions are elastic
That means no energy is lost when they hit something
29
Kinetic energy of a gas molecule
1 type of gas= all the molecules have the same mass but can have different velocity
30
Velocity
Vector of speed and direction
31
Temp is related to
Kinetic energy
32
At a given temp all molecules in the gas have the
Same kinetic energy
33
Density of gas
Very low because of the large amount of space between molecules
34
Compression
Gases can be easily compressed because of the large amount of space
35
Expand
Easily because of the constant random motion | They fill the container
36
Diffusion
The ability of a material to flow into another | Ex: perfume
37
Rate of diffusion depends on
Mass
38
In liquids the intermolecular force is stronger than gas which
Causes the molecules to take the shape of the container
38
Density of liquids
Density the space between molecules is much less than gases so the density is much higher
38
Compression
There is still some space in between liquid molecules so they can be compressed slightly however the difference is so slight that its considered to virtually be incompressible
38
Fluidity
The ability to flow
38
Liquids have flow because
There is space between the molecules but the intermolecular forces decrease that flow compared to gases
38
Viscosity
The resistance to flow Dependent upon intermolecular forces Stronger the force higher the viscosity
38
Surface tension
Measure of the inward pull by the particles in the interior intermolecular forces are not equal throughout the sample The surface hasnt got anything on top to bond to so they get pulled into the center
38
Solids
Molecules in solids have stronger intermolecular forces which causes them to be close together into a fixed arrangement that limits motion which causes fixed shape and volume
38
Density
Solids have a greater density because there is less space between the molecules Volume is smaller
38
Water is unique because
Density is less in the solid than in the liquid
38
Crystalline solid
Atoms are arranged in an orderly 3 dimensional pattern
38
Unit cell
Smallest part of crystalline solid
38
Amorphous solid
Solids whose molecules arent in a set pattern
38
When molecules get closer together they are moving slower and this releases energy this is called
Exothermic
38
When molecules move apart energy needs to be added to break the forces this is called
Endothermic
38
Freezing/ solidfication is
Exothermic
38
Melting/liquefaction is
Endothermic
38
Sublimation is
Endothermic
38
Deposition is
Exothermic
38
Evaporation is
Endothermic
38
Condensation is
Exothermic
38
Steps for water starting with solid is
Sublimation Condensation Freezing
38
Opposite is
Deposition Melting Evaporation

Chem (8 decks)

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