Chapter 5 Flashcards
Product-Process Matrix
categorizes processes into structures based on output volume and variety
Project
one-time or infrequently occurring set of activities that create outputs within prespecified time and cost schedules
Job Shop
a flexible process structure for products that require different inputs and have different flows through the process
Batch Process
produced in groups, and not in a continuous stream
Repetitive Process
discrete products flow through the same sequence of activities
Continuous Process
single-flow process used for high-volume non discrete, standardized products
Mass Customization
uses advanced technologies to customize products quickly and at a low cost
Flexible Manufacturing Processes
combine automated machines, robots, and material handling systems that are all controlled by a single computer
Cellular Manufacturing
the production of products with similar process characteristics on small assembly lines called cells
Engineer to Order (ETO)
unique, customized products
Make to Order (MTO)
similar designs but customized during production
Assemble to Order (ATO)
produced from standard components and modules
Make to Stock (MTS)
finished goods that are held in inventory in advance of customer orders
Customer Contact
the presence of the customer in a process
Service Process Matrix
categorizes service processes based on the degree of customization/consumer interaction and labor/capital intensity
Professional Services
High customer interaction, high intensity; doctors, consultants, etc.
Service Factory
low customer interaction, low intensity; airlines, trucking companies, hotels
Service Shops
High customer interaction, low intensity; auto repair shops, hospitals
Mass Services
Low customer interaction, high labor intensity; banks, gas stations, retail etc.
Service Blueprinting
an approach similar to process mapping that analyzes the interface between customers and service processes
Fixed-Position Layout
the layout used when the product cannot be moved during production
Functional Layout
groups together similar resources
Product Layout
a layout where resources are arranged according to a regularly occurring sequence of activities
Line Balancing
used to assign tasks so that idle time and the number of workstations are minimized
Takt Time
the maximum allowable cycle time at each station
=available production time per day/output per day
Theoretical Number of Workstations
=total of all task times/takt time
Efficiency
=(sum of all task times/(actual work stations*takt time)
Product Families
groups of products that have similar processing requirements
Indifference (break-even) Analysis
a cost-based quantitative decision-making tool that identifies the production volume at which the total costs of the two processes are equal
