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politics > Chapter 5 - 2/5 - Democratic and Republican parties > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - 2/5 - Democratic and Republican parties Flashcards

1
Q

Who described the two US parties as being “Like two bottles with different labels, both empty”?

A

Professor Dennis Brogan, 1954

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2
Q

What is the Republican Party heavily influenced by?

A

Neo-conservatism

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3
Q

What informs the Republican Party’s values?

A

Christianity

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4
Q

What does Republicans oppose of religious and moral grounds?

A

Abortion.

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5
Q

What was Trump the first sitting president to do in January 2020?

A

Attend an anti-abortion rally.

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6
Q

What is the Mexico City Policy?

A

The requirement for non-governmental organisations receiving state funding to not provide abortions.

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7
Q

Who implemented the Mexico City Policy?

A

President Ronald Reagan

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8
Q

When was the Mexico City Policy first implemented?

A

1984

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9
Q

What does the Republican Party’s neo-conservatism lead them to support?

A

The Second Amendment - epitomised by Mark and Patricia McCloskey who stood out the front of their house brandishing guns during BLM protests.

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10
Q

What is the Republican approach to the use and distribution of drugs and gangs?

A

They are intolerant and favour strong punishments.

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11
Q

What is the ‘religious right’?

A

Mainly white, Protestant evangelical Christians that support traditional social values and are allied with the Republican Party.

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12
Q

What was the Republican Party’s 2016 election pledge to traditional family values?

A

“recognise marriage as the union between one and and one woman”

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13
Q

What is the Republican view on government intervention in the economy?

A

They take the neo-liberal view and prefer negative freedom and a limited government which interferes minimally in the lives of individuals - laissez-faire.

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14
Q

What has been rolled back to further the interests of industry and business under Republicans?

A

Environmental protections, seen in Trump withdrawing from the Paris Accords in 2017.

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15
Q

What did the Paris Accords seek to do?

A

Reduce carbon emissions and promote greener energy sources.

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16
Q

What aspect of neo-conservatism can be found in Republican ideology?

A

Nationalism and support for the nation state.

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17
Q

What is an example of Republican neo-conservative pragmatism in times of crisis?

A

Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, 2020

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18
Q

Why are Republicans willing to put their neo-conservative ideas ahead of their neo-liberal ones?

A

Because neo-conservatism stresses the importance of protecting society which neo-liberal laissez-faire can threaten.

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19
Q

What is Republican Party ideology a blend of?

A

Neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism

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20
Q

What does the Republican’s neo-conservatism lead them to support?

A

Social welfare

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21
Q

What example of social welfare does the Republican party support?

A

Medicaid

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22
Q

What is Medicaid?

A

A health insurance programme for low-income, disabled, or elderly people.

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23
Q

What is the Republican attitude to social welfare?

A

They recognise that those worst off need to helped, but stress the importance of personal responsibility.

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24
Q

What is Democrat ideology informed by?

A

Modern liberalism with its belief in positive freedom to ensure equality of opportunity.

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25
Q

What term is used to describe Democrat policies?

A

‘progressive’ - understood as advocating change and reform.

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26
Q

What two Acts did the Democrats pass to end legal segregation?

A
  • Civil Rights Act
  • Voting Rights Act
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27
Q

When was the Civil Rights Act passed?

A

1964

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28
Q

When was the Voting Rights Act?

A

1965

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29
Q

What is the Democrat’s approach to dealing with crime?

A

A mixture of punishment and rehabilitation.

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30
Q

What are Democrats strong supporters of?

A

A pro-choice position on abortion.

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31
Q

What was the Democrat’s platform on abortion in the 2016 presidential election?

A

They said that every woman should have access to “safe and legal abortion”.

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32
Q

Which policy did the Democrats repeal that showed their support for LGBTQ+ rights?

A

Don’t ask, don’t tell

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33
Q

What was ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell?

A

A US military ban on gay persons serving in the military.

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34
Q

When did the Democrats repeal the ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’ policy?

A

2010

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35
Q

What do Democrats champion?

A

LGBTQ+ rights

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36
Q

Which Act demonstrates the Democrat’s support of LGBTQ+ rights?

A

The Hate Crime Prevention Act

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37
Q

When was the Hate Crime Prevention Act passed?

A

2010

38
Q

What dd the Hate Crime Prevention Act do?

A

Allowed violence motivated by the victim’s gender and sexuality to be investigated and prosecuted.

39
Q

Who was the first openly gay candidate to mount a bid for the presidential nomination of the Democrat Party in 2020?

A

Pete Buttigieg

40
Q

What sort of state does the Democratic Party favour?

A

An enabling state providing positive freedom.

41
Q

Which economist have Democrats been influenced by?

A

John Maynard Keynes and his advocation of government interference to promote full employment and economic growth.

42
Q

What prompted the Democrats to take a more interventionist approach to the economy?

A

The Great Depression

43
Q

Which two recent examples demonstrate the Democrat’s support for Keynesian economics and an enabling state?

A
  • CARES Act 2020
  • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009
44
Q

When was the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act passed?

A

2009

45
Q

What did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act do?

A

Provide $787 billion of stimulus to the American economy in the aftermath of the 2008-09 financial crisis.

46
Q

What did President Johnson launch in the 1960s?

A

A ‘war on poverty’

47
Q

Which Act demonstrates the Democrat’s support for social welfare?

A

The Affordable Care Act

48
Q

When was the Affordable Care Act passed?

A

2010

49
Q

What are the 3 factions of the Democratic Party?

A
  • Liberals/progressives
  • Moderates/centrist
  • Conservative
50
Q

What are the 3 factions of the Republican Party?

A
  • Moderates
  • Social conservatives
  • Fiscal conservatives
51
Q

What are the 3 factions of the Republican Party?

A
  • Moderates
  • Social conservatives
  • Fiscal conservatives
52
Q

What are the key values of the Liberal/progressive faction of the Democratic Party?

A
  • Social justice
  • Racial justice
  • LGBTQ+ rights
  • Ending the death penalty
  • Support for environmental protection
  • Gun control
53
Q

Who are two key Liberals/progressive figures in the Democrat Party?

A
  • Bernie Sanders
  • Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
  • Elizabeth Warren
54
Q

What did Ocasio-Cortez say about the factions in the Democrat Party?

A

“In any other country, Joe Biden and I would not be in the same party”

55
Q

How does the moderate faction of the Democratic Party view the liberal/progressive faction?

A

As socialist

56
Q

What is the ideology of the moderate liberal faction?

A

The are modern liberals.

57
Q

What faction does Biden belong to?

A

Moderates

58
Q

What are the key moderate Democrat faction values?

A
  • Lower prescription drug prices
  • Tackling climate change and reaching net-zero by 2050, re-joining the Paris Accords
  • $15 minimum wage
  • Building affordable housing
59
Q

Where are the tensions between Liberals and moderates in the Democratic Party?

A
  • Cheaper prescriptions; universal healthcare
  • Net-zero by 2050 and the Paris Accord; banning nuclear power and fracking
  • $640 billion on affordable housing; Sanders would spend $2.5 trillion
60
Q

What is the difference between Sanders and Biden on housing?

A

Biden committed to $640 billion over ten years on affordable housing, whereas Sanders wanted to spend $2.5 trillion.

61
Q

What is the conservative faction of the Democratic Party sometimes called?

A

Blue Dog Democrats

62
Q

Who is the weakest of the three Democrat factions?

A

The conservatives

63
Q

What social justice advancements did the conservative faction of the Democrat Party oppose?

A
  • Repealing ‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’
  • Same-sex marriage
64
Q

What Republican policy did the conservative Democrat faction support?

A

The building of a border wall with Mexico

65
Q

What are the key values of the moderate faction of the Republican Party?

A
  • Less socially conservative and support LGBTQ+ rights
  • Advocate positive freedom
  • Unwilling to repeal Obamacare entirely
66
Q

In which areas does the fiscal conservative faction of the Republican Party favour limited government?

A

In all but one: defence spending.

67
Q

Which caucus represents the fiscal conservative faction of the Republican Party?

A

The Freedom Caucus

68
Q

What are the key values of the fiscal conservative faction of the Republican Party?

A
  • Want to cut government spending
  • Tax cuts and a small state
  • Repeal of Obamacare
69
Q

Which Republican Party faction is referred to as the ‘religious right’ or ‘Christian right’?

A

Social conservative

70
Q

What are the key values of the social conservative faction of the Republican Party?

A
  • Anti-abortion
  • Opposed to same-sex marriage
  • Strong links to Christianity
  • Defenders of the Second Amendment
71
Q

Which caucus is the social conservative faction of the Republican Party associated with?

A

Republican Study Committee - the largest ideological caucus

72
Q

Who is a key figure in the social conservative faction?

A

Ted Cruz

73
Q

How do black Americans always tend to vote?

A

Democrat - they have always given at least 83% support to them between 1980 and 2020.

74
Q

How much of the white vote did Trump get in both 2016 and 2020?

A

58%

75
Q

How much of the black vote did Trump get in 2016 compare to 2020?

A

In 2016 it was 8%, but in 2020 it had risen to 12%

76
Q

How much of the black vote did the Democrats get in 2016 compared to 2020?

A

In 2016 they got 88%; in 2020 it actually decreased to 87% - still, it is an overwhelming support despite the drop.

77
Q

What was the Latino support for Trump in 2016 compared to 2020?

A

29% of Latinos voted for Trump in 2016 compared to 32% in 2020 - that is despite his anti-Mexico agenda.

78
Q

What was the Latino vote for the Democratic Party in 2016 compared to 2020?

A

65% in both elections

79
Q

Which religious group is a staple support for Republicans?

A

Protestants, giving them between 54% and 62% in the last six presidential elections.

80
Q

How much of the Protestant vote did Trump win in 2016?

A

81%

81
Q

Who did the Catholics traditionally vote for?

A

The Democratic Party

82
Q

Why has the Catholic Democrat vote wavered since the 1970s?

A

Because of the party’s support for abortion

83
Q

How many Catholics voted for Biden in 2020?

A

52%

84
Q

How many Protestants voted for Trump in 2020?

A

76%

85
Q

How much of the atheist vote did Biden win in 2020?

A

72%

86
Q

Who do women tend to vote for?

A

The Democratic Party

87
Q

How many men voted for Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 election?

A

53%

88
Q

How may women voted Democrat in 2020?

A

57%

89
Q

Why might women vote for the Democrats more than Republicans?

A
  • They have more high profile women.
  • Their policies favour women more.
  • Trump’s attitude towards them.
90
Q

Who do college educated and higher voters support?

A

Democrats

91
Q

How many college graduates voted for Biden in 2020?

A

55%

92
Q

How did Professor Denis Brogan describe the two major US parties?

A

“Like two bottles with different labels, both empty”

politics (43 decks)

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