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politics > Chapter 2 - Established political parties > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Established political parties Flashcards

1
Q

Who is considered the first Conservative Party prime minister?

A

Sir Robert Peel

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2
Q

When was Sir Robert Peel prime minister?

A

1834-35 and 1841-46

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3
Q

Who formed the organisation we now call the Conservative Party?

A

Sir Robert Peel and Benjamin Disraeli.

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4
Q

When was Benjamin Disraeli prime minister?

A

1868 and 1874-80

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5
Q

What were Sir Robert Peel and Benjamin Disraeli’s main objectives when they formed the Conservative Party?

A
  • Prevent the country falling too far into inequality.
  • Preserve the unity of the United Kingdom.
  • Preserve order in society.
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6
Q

When did traditional or one-nation conservatism dominate conservative thought?

A

From the late eighteenth century to the 1980s.

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7
Q

What was one-nation conservatism a reaction to?

A

The new liberal ideas behind the revolutions in North America (1776) and France (1789).

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8
Q

What does the Conservative Party consider to be the best deterrent against crime?

A

Prison and stern punishments.

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9
Q

What do Conservatives see as the first duty of government?

A

To protect its citizens.

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10
Q

What do Conservatives not want welfare benefits to become?

A

A disincentive to work.

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11
Q

What is a party faction?

A

A distinct group within a political party whose views vary significantly from the main policies.

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12
Q

Give 3 Conservative Party factions.

A
  • Cornerstone
  • Conservative Way Forward
  • Tory Reform Group
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13
Q

What is the motto of the Cornerstone faction of the Conservative Party?

A

‘Faith, Flag, and Family’

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14
Q

What does Cornerstone promote?

A

It wants the UK to be a Christian country, is intensely nationalist, and wishes to retain traditional family values.

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15
Q

What does Conservative Way Forward promote?

A

The ideas of Margaret Thatcher with a neo-liberal approach to the economy.

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16
Q

Who is a leading member of Conservative Way Forward?

A

Liam Fox

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17
Q

Who is a leading member of Cornerstone?

A

Jacob Rees-Mogg

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18
Q

What sort of ideas does the Tory Reform Group promote?

A

One-nation toryism and the belief that too much inequality is divisive.

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19
Q

When was the Labour Party created?

A

1900

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20
Q

What was the Labour Party created from?

A

It was the political organisation of the trade unions.

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21
Q

When was the Liberal Party formed?

A

1877

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22
Q

Who formed the Liberal Party?

A

It was an amalgamation of Whigs and radicals.

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23
Q

When was the Liberal Democratic Party formed?

A

1988

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24
Q

Who formed the Liberal Democratic Party?

A

It was an amalgamation of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP) who had split from Labour in the 1981.

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25
Q

How many seats did the Lib Dems win in the 2015 general election?

A

8

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26
Q

When was the Independent Labour Party (ILP) established?

A

1893

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27
Q

Who is the main financier of the Labour Party?

A

Trade unions

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28
Q

When did Labour first come to power?

A

1945

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29
Q

Why was the SDP formed?

A

Because of a split in the Labour Party due to two crushing defeats by Thatcher.

30
Q

What are New Labour’s policies known as?

A

Third Way

31
Q

What are Third Way politics?

A

Social democracy, a move towards the political centre.

32
Q

When was the period of New Labour?

A

From the early 1990s to the present.

33
Q

Was the Labour Party ever a socialist party?

A

No - it never wanted to overthrow capitalism and introduce a workers’ state.

34
Q

When was Old Labour?

A

1900-1990s

35
Q

What sort of politics were Old Labour?

A

Democratic socialist

36
Q

What was the key value of Old Labour?

A

Equality - understood as a redistribution of income and formal equality (now known as social justice).

37
Q

Recognising that total equality was not possible, what did Labour favour?

A

Equality of opportunity

38
Q

How did Old Labour believe we could best achieve our aims?

A

Through collectivism

39
Q

What are two practical applications of collectivism?

A
  • Welfare state
  • Trade unions
40
Q

How did Old Labour interpret common ownership?

A

As public ownership of major, strategic industries, run by the state on behalf of the people.

41
Q

What did Old Labour consider vital to restoring the balance of power between employers and workers?

A

Strong trade unionism

42
Q

What is statism?

A

State control of economic activity in securing social goals.

43
Q

When was the NHS opened?

A

1948

44
Q

Who founded the NHS?

A

Nye Bevan

45
Q

When was the Beveridge Report?

A

1942

46
Q

What were William Beveridge’s Five Giants?

A
  • Want
  • Disease
  • Ignorance
  • Squalor
  • Idleness
47
Q

What did Third Way and New Labour seek to find?

A

A middle way between socialism and the free-market.

48
Q

What did New Labour reject?

A

The socialist idea of class conflict.

49
Q

What did New Labour accept?

A

Capitalism as the best way of creating wealth and should be largely free of state control.

50
Q

What was stressed under New Labour?

A

Equality of opportunity - education and welfare would allow people to better themselves.

51
Q

What was New Labour committed to?

A

Political and constitutional reform.

52
Q

What did New Labour not do?

A
  • Restore the powers of trade unions largely removed under Thatcher.
  • Nationalise privatised industries.
53
Q

What were some of New Labour’s policies?

A
  • Increased expenditure on the NHS.
  • Increased funding for education.
  • Reduction in corporate taxation to encourage enterprise.
  • Constitutional reform.
54
Q

What movement was formed to support Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership?

A

Momentum

55
Q

What sort of policies did Momentum campaign for?

A
  • Abandonment of Trident.
  • Nationalising key industries
  • Public housing
56
Q

Who founded the Blue Labour faction of the Labour Party?

A

Maurice Glasman

57
Q

What are Blue Labour beliefs?

A

Socially conservative - anti-immigration and pro-Brexit.

Supports regulated free-markets to protect British industry and jobs.

58
Q

Who were the Liberal Party’s first leaders?

A

Lord Palmerston and William Gladstone

59
Q

What was the ‘Alliance’?

A

The pact between the SDP and the Liberal Party to not put up candidates in the same seats.

60
Q

How many seats did the Liberal Democrats win in 2005?

A

62 - the height of their success.

61
Q

Who do the Liberal Democrats share a lot of their values with?

A

The social democracy of New Labour

62
Q

How should the state behave according to Liberal Democrats?

A

It should interfere as little as possible but promote welfare and social justice wherever it does interfere.

63
Q

Why is welfare a key Liberal Democratic value?

A

Because people cannot be free if they are enslaved by poverty; state welfare sets people free.

64
Q

What are Liberal Democrats suspicious of?

A

The power of government, leading them to favour constitutional restraints.

65
Q

What rights have the Liberal Democrats strongly supported?

A
  • Women
  • Minorities
  • LGBT
66
Q

What is the Liberal Democratic approach to law and order?

A
  • The law should prioritise rehabilitation as much as punishment.
  • Crime has social causes and those causes should be dealt with.
67
Q

What is the Liberal Democratic stance on foreign policy and conflict?

A
  • Strong support for international aid.
  • Abandon Trident.
  • Support for NATO.
68
Q

What Constitutional reforms do the Liberal Democrats want to make?

A
  • Elected second chamber.
  • Electoral system reform.
  • Codified Constitution.
  • Further devolution.
69
Q

Give a Liberal Democrat Party faction.

A

Social liberals

70
Q

What does the Social liberal faction of the Liberal Democrats believe?

A
  • Social justice
  • Redistribution of income
71
Q

Who was a leading member of the social liberal faction of the Liberal Democrats?

A

Vince Cable

politics (43 decks)

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