Chapter 5 (2)

Question 1

Successes of Wilson

Answer 1

-Excellent public speaking and leader
-Relatable background
-Kept troops out of Vietnam
-Sets up the open university and does a lot for education
-Got rid of censorship
-Created a more liberal society through homosexuality and abortion laws

Question 2

Failures of Wilson

Answer 2

-Had a ‘kitchen cabinet’
-His secretary, Marcia Williams ran number 10. Rumours of an affair
-Boring and an uninteresting ‘nonety’
-Disaster economically
-Critiques regarding immigrations with Kenyan-Asians
-Lots of scandals with Brown
-Empire was crumbling

Question 3

Robins Report 1963

Answer 3

Recommended immediate expansion of universities and all colleges of advanced technology should have university status

Question 4

Universities created under Wilson

Answer 4

1962- 30
1968- 56
30 polytechnics created under the Education and Science department in 1967

Question 5

Unionist/ Loyalist

Answer 5

Support union with Britain

Question 6

Republican/ Nationalist

Answer 6

Support a united Ireland

Question 7

Londonderry

Answer 7

Battle of the Bogside
Large catholic area in Northern Ireland
Second largest city in NI
2000 catholics on the housing waiting lists compared to 0 Protestants

Question 8

Reasons for tensions between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland by the 1960s

Answer 8

Houses going to Protestants over Catholics in Northern Ireland
Gerrymandering causing segregation through boundary changes
Economic disadvantages as jobs were favourably for Protestants in NI
Civil Marches 1968- RUC failed to protect the Catholics when they were attacked by loyalists
IRA as loyalists started to set up paramilitary organisations
RUC trying to storm the Bogside and being biased against the Catholics

Question 9

Battle of the Bogside

Answer 9

12th-14th August 1969
Londonderry
Annual Apprentice Boys March where they were attacked by nationalists in the Catholic area of the Bogside
TV broadcasts showed the RUC beating Catholics
Stormont offered to improve housing and change constituency boundaries but this upset the unionists which caused more riots
14/8- British army was deployed to help in support of the RUC, Catholics thought they were going to help them but in the end they didn’t

Question 10

Lead over the Conservatives

Answer 10

January 1963- 9%
March 1963- 17%
July 1963- 20%

Question 11

Significance of the white heat speech

Answer 11

-Brought party cohesion
-Audience and press loved it and took it as an immediate catchphrase
-Highlighted Wilson as innovative and modern
-Took tensions away from nationalisation, clause IV, and nuclear disarmament
-It flowed in places that the Labour argument couldn’t reach

-But the Labour Party actually won 10,000 less votes than the Conservatives
-Conservatives lost 2 million votes so it could be the downfall of the Tories
-Little evidence that it was the white heat speech

Question 12

Wilson leadership style

Answer 12

-Relied heavily on personal team of advisors
-More informal
-Tried to remain unchallenged as he was conscious of balancing out potential rivals
-In private, anxious about his leadership skills
-Had smaller cabinet meetings (kitchen)
-Decisions dominated by Marcia Williams ‘personal secretary’

Question 13

Wilson’s political skills

Answer 13

-Micromanaged Labour
-Very effective public speaking skills like ‘White Heat’
-Internally wary of decisions
-Relaxed and skilful performer
-Travelled up and down the country collecting supporters