Chapter 5 (1949-51)

Question 1

When did Japan surrender unconditionally to the allies?(WW2)

Answer 1

August 1945

Question 2

Why did Japan surrender unconditionally to the allies? (WW2)

Answer 2

America dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 3

What word describes US policy towards Japan before 1947?

Answer 3

Punishment

Question 4

When did America begin the sole occupation of Japan, how did it end and who was the governor of Japan during the period of occupation (in charge)?

Answer 4

1945, with the San Fransisco Peace Treaty, General MacArthur

Question 5

What policy did the USA adopt towards Japan from 1947?

Answer 5

Reverse course = not focused on the punishment of Japan

Question 6

Why did America adopt a reverse course policy towards Japan?

Answer 6

For the containment of communism, the USA has a power base in Asia

Question 7

What did Dodge achieve in Japan?

Answer 7

A more structured approach to the economic reconstruction of Japan: for example, the super balanced budget

Question 8

What was the super balanced budget?

Answer 8

A target surplus of around 4 million dollars

Question 9

Why did America want to accelerate Japan’s economic recovery?

Answer 9

To align Japan with the USA and the capitalist system, a more stable economy means that people are less likely to vote for extreme parties (such as the communists)

Question 10

What was the consequence of Dodge’s super balanced budget?

Answer 10

Initially, there was increased unemployment due to business closures

Question 11

Why is GATT important?

Answer 11

Banned Japan from trading with communist China

Question 12

What does GATT stand for?

Answer 12

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,

Question 13

Why did America not want Japan to trade with communist China?

Answer 13

May make China stronger, USA wants Japan to be economically dependent on them, not China, become more aligned to the west

Question 14

What is GATT an example of?

Answer 14

Dollar diplomacy

Question 15

When did China ‘fall’ to communism?

Answer 15

1949

Question 16

When did China form a military alliance with the USSR?

Answer 16

February 1950

Question 17

What two important events caused Japan’s strategic importance to change in 1950?

Answer 17

China formed a military alliance with the USSR, the Korean war

Question 18

Who was Japan’s prime minister in the late 1940s to early 1950s?

Answer 18

Yoshida

Question 19

What did Yoshida see as an opportunity to do, using the changing situation in Asia and US containment?

Answer 19

Sign a peace treaty with America (San Fransisco Peace Treaty) to restore Japan’s sovereignty

Question 20

When was the San Fransisco Peace Treaty?

Answer 20

September 1951

Question 21

What was surprising about the San Fransisco Peace Treaty?

Answer 21

Placed no significant economic restrictions, or political model, placed no responsibility of Japan for war, no rearmament restrictions

Question 22

What did the San Fransisco Peace Treaty give to Japan?

Answer 22

Full sovereignty

Question 23

What benefits did the USA gain from the San Fransisco Peace Treaty?

Answer 23

Unrestricted use of military bases in Japan

Question 24

How many National Police Reserve (NPR) were to be trained by the USA?

Answer 24

75,000

Question 25

How many were there of the self-defence force supported by US funding, 1954?

Answer 25

140,000