Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Empedocles

A

4 elements: earth, air, fire, and water

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2
Q

Democritus

A

tiny invisible particles called “atoms”

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3
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. elements are composed of atoms
  2. atoms of same element are same in mass & size
  3. atoms of diff. elements are diff. mass & size
  4. chemical compounds are formed by 2+ atoms of diff. elements
  5. atoms combine to form compounds in simple ratios
  6. atoms of 2 elements may combine in diff. ratios to form multiple compounds
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4
Q

Law of Definite Composition

A

a compound always contains 2+ elements combined in a definite proportion by mass

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5
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

atoms of 2+ elements may combine in diff. ratios to produce more than 1 compound

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6
Q

ion

A

an atom carrying a + or - electric charge

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7
Q

Electrons

A

-
form shell of atom
small mass

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8
Q

Protons

A

+
in of nucleus of atom
large mass

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9
Q

Neutrons

A

No Charge
in of nucleus of atom
slightly more mass than proton

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10
Q

positive ions

A

neutral atom loses electrons, protons have extra + charge

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11
Q

negative ion

A

electrons can be added to atoms, extra electrons have extra - charge

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12
Q

Cation

A

1 or more electrons are lost from an atom

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13
Q

Anion

A

1 or more electrons are added to a neutral atom

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14
Q

Allotropes

A

solid nonmetal elements that exist in diff. forms with diff. physical properties

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