Chapter 5

Question 1

Which IOA is recommended for behaviors that occur at relatively low frequencies?

Answer 1

scored interval IOA

Question 2

Which IOA overestimates agreement?

Answer 2

interval by interval IOA

Question 3

Calibration

Answer 3

any procedure used to evaluate the accuracy of a measurement system and, when sources of error are found, to use that information to correct or improve the measurement system

Question 4

Reliability

Answer 4

describes the extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into repeated contact with the same state of nature (consistent measurement)

Question 5

Accuracy

Answer 5

in terms of measurement, it is the degree to which it corresponds to the true value of the thing being measured

Question 6

Convention for acceptable IOA

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

Discontinuous measurement

Answer 7

measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of the response class of interest may not be detected

Question 8

Measurement bias

Answer 8

nonrandom measurement error (error in measurement that is likely to be in one direction)

Question 9

Indirect measurement

Answer 9

occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior of interest. considered to be less valid.

Question 10

DIrect measurement

Answer 10

occurs when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation.

Question 11

What is a more conservative/meaningful assessment of IOA?

Answer 11

mean duration per occurrence

Question 12

The most stringent IOA for most data sets obtained by event recording?

Answer 12

exact count per interval IOA

Question 13

Total duration IOA is computed by?

Answer 13

shorter of two durations reported by the observers/the longer duration

Question 14

3 techniques commonly used to calculate IOA for interval data

Answer 14

interval by interval IOA, scored interval IOA, unscored IOA

Question 15

Most common convention for reporting IOA

Answer 15

percentage of agreement between observers

Question 16

IOA recommended for behavior that occurs at relatively high frequencies

Answer 16

unscored-interval IOA

Question 17

Continuous measurement

Answer 17

measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response classes of interest are detected during the observation period

Question 18

Observer reactivity

Answer 18

measurement error resulting from an observer’s awareness that others are evaluating the data he reports

Question 19

Naive observer

Answer 19

a trained observer who is unaware of the study’s purpose and/or the experimental conditions in effect during a given phase or observation period

Question 20

Observed value

Answer 20

what is seen; quantitative label produced by measuring an event

Question 21

True value

Answer 21

measurement that yields data that are directly relevant to the phenomenon measured and to the reasons for measuring it

Question 22

Observer drift

Answer 22

unintended changes in the way data are collected - may produce measurement error