Chapter 5: Flashcards
What is the Milgram obedience experiment?
A 1961 study to test how much a person will obey figures of authority, even when that required them to cause harm (shock) to another person to their belief. However, no one was actually being harmed, the participant was lied to. This is non considered quite unethical practice, as there is no informed consent prior to this study.
What is the most crucial aspect for a study to be ethical?
Informed consent prior to the study.
A student conducts a study designed to test psychological responses to negative emotions. Which of the following represents the clearest violation of ethical research practices?
a. Participant is shown graphic, disturbing images during the study, but is informed prior and allowed to speak to a therapist afterward.
b. The participant is led to believe that they are giving a lethal shock to a mouse, and is informed after the study is complete that the animal was not actually harmed.
c. A medically screened and informed patient is injected with epinephrine, and then is asked to evaluate their emotions.
d. Participants are selected based on a history of trauma are interviewed by a therapist.
B - with them believing the shock is lethal, there is no informed consent - the most crucial aspect to ethical research.
A man lives alone and runs an online business, experiencing little contact with others. He makes enough money to buy food and pay for rent. He suffers from mild depression and has few creative outlets. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of need, the man is experiencing the motivation to meet the need for:
a. Safety.
b. Self-esteem.
c. Intimacy.
d. Self-actualization.
c - intimacy.
What does Malow’s hierarchy state?
That humans will be motivated to fulfill lower hierarchical needs, before higher ones. For example, a lower need is to be fed and housed, while self esteem is higher. Things lower on the hierarchy must be complete in order to achieve higher concerns.
What are Maslow’s rankings of human needs from most basic to most complex:
- Physiological - Breathing, water, food, sex, sleep, excretion of waste.
- Safety - Security of body, employment, resources, morality.
3.Love/belonging - Friendship, family, and sense of belonging. - Self-esteem - confidence, achievement, respect for others, and respect by others.
- Self-actualization - Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, accpetance of facts.
What is a major side effect of dopamine agonist treatment?
Hallucinations and incoherent speech, indicating psychosis.
Parkinson’s disease is a pathology that destroys neurons on the substantia nigra, a part of the brain primarily responsible for ____________________. The primary neurotransmitter of control in this region of the brain is _____________.
- Movement initiation and control (parkinsons gait instability and tremor)
- Dopamine.
Schizophrenic patients often suffer from psychosis, with hallucinations and incoherent speech. What is a reasonable treatment and why?
Dopamine antagonists, as psychosis can result from abnormally high levels of dopamine. Dopa antagonists will limit the production of dopamine.
