Chapter 10: Flashcards
Define actor observer bias:
The tendency for an individual to make situational attributions about themselves, but dispositional attributions about others.
Define a stereotype:
Overgeneralizations about specific groups of people.
Define self-efficacy:
A component to self-concept that describes someone’s belief of their own abilities.
Define a self-fulfilling prophecy:
When a stereotype or expectation of someone creates a conditions where this stereotype/expectation becomes true.
An individual goes to a workout class and is labeled as “fat” by his peers. This label makes them quite upset. This person decides that to avoid further judgement, they will avoid the exercise entirely. This is an example of:
a. Self-efficacy.
b. Stereotype.
c. actor-observer bias.
d. Self-fulfilling prophecy.
Self-fulfilling prophecy.
A busy student missing the deadline to submit their assignment, and explains to the teacher “I missed the deadline because I am so busy”. However, when this individual discovers that someone else also missed this deadline, they describe that student as lazy. What would this be an example of?
Actor-observer bias. Where one person has situational attributions about themself, but dispositional ones about someone else - even when the conditions are the same.
Define stereotype threat:
When people are anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about their social group. This does not exactly cross over generation.
Define control theory:
The understanding of behaviors that are analyzed as deviance from weak and strong social bonds.
Define observational learning:
When people learn prejudiced attitudes from others in their environment while growing up, passing on prejudiced beliefs through generations.
Define the contact hypothesis:
The idea that when people are individually exposed to members of minority groups, their prejudiced attitudes will decrease.
Flint michigan is a city that has predominantly been populated by low-income black people for generations, where racial prejudices are common. When the flint water crisis occured, there was very little assistance offered to this community. This is an example of:
a. Contact hypothesis.
b. Control theory.
c. Observational learning.
d. Stereotype threat.
c - observational learning - where over generations, prejudiced views are passed through learned environmental behaviors.
True or false: Prejudicial attitudes are typically precursors to engagement in discrimination.
TRUE!
Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?
- Men perceive women in the workplace as unjustifiably angry.
- Women percieves other womens workplace frustrations are valid.
- Women percieve mens anger at home as unjustified.
- Men percieves womens anger at home as justified.
- Men percieive women in the workplace as unjustifiably angry - this institutional discrimination because it occurs in the work place (institutional), and has one extreme of a population discrediting the others feelings (discrimination)
Describe symbiotic interactionism:
Describes how people act on the basis of meaning and interpretation through social structures.
Define conflict theory:
Society is in a constant state of conflict over competitions for limited resources. Anger stemming from real or perceived inequality is a key aspect.
Define social constructionism:
A theory that suggests that knowledge, reality, and meaning are not inherent byt are created and shaped through social and cultural interactions - rather than being human nature.
Define game theory:
The study of how people in a group may change their behavior in relation to the others in the group, in a numerical manner, where it focuses on actions/results.
Respondents in a study say that women are angry due to a belief that women are treated unjustly in both social and professional environments, which is most clearly exhibited:
a. Game theory.
b. Social constructionism.
c. Symbiotic interactionism.
d. Conflict theory.
Conflict theory - anger stemming from real or percieved inequality.
