Chapter 5 Flashcards
Classes of infectious particles (4)
Bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi
Ecology
Study of living organisms a with each otehr and the environment
Ecological niche
Teh ecological location an organism inhabits
Resistant microflora
Microbes that normally inhabit niches on the human body
Sterile compartments with examples
Free of microbes
Heart, CNS, kidneys peritoneal cavity
True pathogens
Cause disease on almost any person they infect
Opportunistic pathogens
Microbes that wont lead to disease in people it’s healthy immune systems
Chain of infection
Reservoirs
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious agents
Chain of infection
Reservoirs
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious agents
Vectors
Other object or organism that carries an infectious particle
Biological vector
Living organism that carries an infectious particle during part of its life cycle
Mechanical vector
Anything that carries an infectious particle on its surface
Examples of methods of portals of entry
Direct contact
- STIs/childbirth
Penetration
- skin, membranes due to burns, wounds, etc
Ingestion
- oral uptake
Inhalation
Portal of exit examples/methods
Respiratory
- breathing, droplets
Intestinal
- feces
STI
- direct sexual contact
Pathogenicity
Capacity of the infectious particle to cause tissue injury or disease manifestations
Virulence
Biological capacity of an infectious organism to cause tissue injury to the host
Used interchangeably wiht pathogenicity
Virulence factors
Specific molecular features of the particle that cause injury
Genetic traits of the particles
Infective dose
Amount of infectious material required for infection to occur
Communicable infections
Person to person, animal to person, from inanimate objects
Carrier states
Microbe is harboured without obvious symptoms
Carrier can transmit infections without being ill
Incubation carriers
Type of carrier state
Infection at an early stage and symptoms not occurred yet
Convalescent carriers
Type of carrier state
Person has undergone treatment but microbes are still present
Latency
Where teh microbe persists in low numbers but can still transmit
Passive carriers
Mechanical vectors
Carrying microbes on clothing or skin
EIDs
Emerging infectious diseases
Examples of EIDs
SARS COV-2, Nipah, Ebola, Zika
Hardest EIDs to deal wiht
Ones that are antibiotic resistant
Sepsis
Abnormal physiological, pathological, and biochemical syndrome caused by infection
Septis steps
SIRS
Sepsis
Severe sepsis
Septic shock
SIRS acronym
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SIRS step
First step in sepsis
T: over 100.4 or under 96.8
RR over 20
HR over 90
Etc
Sepsis step
Second stage of sepsis
2 SIRS +
Confirmed or suspected infection
Severe sepsis step
Third stage of sepsis
Sepsis (last stage)
+
Signs of end organ damage
Hypotension
Lactate
Septic shock
Forth stage of sepsis
Severe sepsis (last stage)
+
Persistence signs of Organ damage, hypotension, and lactate over 4 moles
Basically just sepsis but for a long time
What happens during septic shock? (
Vascular permeability increases leading to a large shift of fluid from vascular compartment into the tissues
Can lead to a huge loss of BP, Organ failure, long term disability,and death
Most common condition predisposing to sepsis is…
Pneumonia
