Chapter 1 Flashcards
Disease
Disturbance in normal function of human body systems
Illness
Subjective state that may or. May not be because of disease
Sickness
Social role, like time spent away form work etc
Experimental method steps
Hypothesis
Experiement
Observation
Publically disseminate results
Two main kinds of experiments
Controlled lab experiments (molecules, cells, etc)
Epidemiological studies (population level)
Cell theory
Idea that cells make up the human body
Cell theory components (understand)
Cell is smallest and most basic unit of life
Cells are produced from preexisting cells
Germ theory
Germs cause disease
Specific diseases are cause by specific microbes
One size fits all type of approach
What did germ theory do for people
De emphasized the role of the individual
Implied that people respond to microorganisms in the same way
Ecology and what its useful for
Study of relationships between living organisms and their environment
It’s the background where health and disease occur
Central dogma of molecular biology
That info is passed form DNA to RNA to proteins
Rudolf virchow
Father of modern pathology
Virchows conclusions
That every disorder is based on abnormal cell function
Pathophysiology definition
Study of disease as a process involving steps (from cause to clinical manifestations)
Idea of cellular changes
They are the mechanism of disease
Implies that things that prevent cell injury provide the basis for health prevention
Biomedical model steps and what they are
Cause
- exogenous (infectious particles)
- endogneous (genetics)
Leads to
Cell abnormality
- accumulations, deficiencies
- tissue injury - tissue damage and death
Leads to
Disease
- signs - inflammation etc
- symptoms - pain etc
Biomedical model concept is that…
All health and disease phenomena are associated with biological structure and function changes
Causality
Factor A leads to B, therefore a change in A leads to a change in B
Infectious diseases are linked to the presence of…
Biological particles such as viruses or bacteria
Pathology
Study of disease
Generally descriptive of the structure and processes in disease states
Pathology
Study of disease
Generally descriptive of the structure and processes in disease states
Anatomic pathology
Aka autopsical pathology
Clinical pathology
Science of the analysis of tissues such as blood and biopsy samples
Molecular pathology
The analysis of DNA and other macromolecules form patients
Pathogensis
The sequence of events leading form cause to manifestation of disease
Steps form etiology to pathology
Manifestations
Sign and symptoms
Acute pathologies
Sudden short lives pathologies
Chronic pathologies
Conditions that persist over time
Syndrome
Used when there is a cluster of signs and symptoms
Latent period
Time between exposure to stimulus and appearance of first signs and symptoms
Prodome
When eh set of signs and symptoms that appear with the onset of disease start
Subclinical stage
Stage where there are no signs or symptoms (or few), despite the fact that disease is progressing
Reserve capacity
When the body functions within normal range despite loss of cells of tissues
Used in the sub clinical stages of some diseases (no signs or symptoms even though you have a disease)
Incidence
Number of new disease events in a population
Prevalence
Number of persons with a disease / population
Endemic disease
One that is constantly present in a given population
Sporadic disease
One that is irregular and infrequent
Epidemic disease
Aka an outbreak
One that spreads suddenly to many individuals
Pandemic disease
Epidemic that has spread to several countries
Morbidity
Number of people affected by a condition as measured by population per unit of time
Crude mortality rate
Mortality rate from all causes of death for a population in one year
Etiology
Initial cause of pathological state
Idiopathic
Unknown cause
Iatrogenic
Result of medical treatment
Congenital
Present at birth
Morphology
Changes in cell or tissue structure
Syndrome
When signs and symptoms are there but etiology has not been found
Manifest illness
Signs and symptoms of disease that are most severe
