Chapter 5 Flashcards
Erving Goffman
- Concept of Social Dramaturgy: people put on a performance for others, or “impression management”, to influence how others perceive them
The basics of “Impression
Management”?
the conscious effort people make to control how others perceive them, by carefully selecting and presenting their behaviors, appearance, and communication style to create a desired image in a particular situation
- Evring Goffman
Audience Segregation
the practice of separating audiences based on the impression or role you want to convey
- Evring Goffman
Civil Inattention
the practice of acknowledging others in public without imposing on them. It’s a social norm that helps maintain social order and privacy in crowded spaces
- Evring Goffman
Response Cries
- usually a short utterance – to
communicate an apology or acknowledgement for a mistake or an inappropriateness - Erving Goffman
- “Oops” “Sorry” “OMG”
Focused and Unfocused Interactions
Focused interactions are direct and purposeful, while unfocused interactions are more relaxed and unintentional
- Evring Goffman
Personal space
- EDWARD T. HALL
– Intimate distance - <1.5 feet + touching: lovers/close family
– Personal distance – 1.5-4 feet – friends v. limited touching
– Social distance – 4-12 feet – formal situations, e.g. job
interviews
– Public distance - 12 feet + – audiences
Harold Garfinke
- 3rd theory of social interaction
- Ethnomethodology: “The study of making sense of what people
are saying and doing” - Maintaining the social
order - Conversation Analysis: The empirical study of
conversations
Interactional Vandalism
a sociological concept that describes when someone violates the unspoken rules of conversation, especially when someone of lower social status interacts with someone of higher social status
roles
the expected behaviors of people occupying particular social postions. The idea of social role orginally comes from the theater, referring to the parts that actors play in a stage producation. In every society, individuals play a number of social roles.
status
the social honor or prestige that a particular group is accorded by other members of a society. Status groups normally display distinct style of life-patterns of behavior that the members of a group follow. Status privilege may be positive or negative. Pariah status groups are regarded with disdain or treated as outcasts by the majority of the population.
Social position
The social identity an individual has in a given group of society. Social positions may be general in nature (those associated with gender roles) or more specific (occupational positions).
time-space
when and where events occur.
regionalization
the division of social life into different regional settings or zones.
clock time
time as measured by the clock in terms of hours, min & sec. Before the invention of clocks time reckoning was based on events in the natural world, such as the rising and setting of the sun.
back region
indivuals are able to relax and act informally
front region
people seek to put on a “performance”
Why do we segregate our audiences in daily life?
How we act around people is different based on where you are at. School/home/bar
Describe several ways that individuals communicate their emotions to one another?
Facial expressions, nonverbal, roles
compare & contrast focused & unfocused interaction?
focused is one on one interaction, face to face. unfocused is community surrounding you (a group)
How does time structure human life?
Times gives us structure in our lives.
Social Interaction
the ways in which people respond to one another
How and why do we try to protect our “personal space”
4 zones apply per Edward Hall. Don’t feel comfortable with ppl near us.
conversation analysis
the empirical study of conversations, employing techinques drawn from ethnomethodology. Conversation analysis examines details of naturally occurring conversations to reveal the organizational principals of talk and its role in the production and reproduction of social order.
interactional vandalism
the deliberate subversion of the tacit rules of conversation.
streetwise
when we develop skills such as “avoidence” to deal with felt vulnerability toward violence & crime.
compulsion of proximity
peoples need to interact with others in their presence
