Chapter 5 Flashcards
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia.
simple cuboidal epithelium
single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
simple columnar epithelium
single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-screening goblet cells
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface, bat all touching the basement membrane; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain goblet cells and bear cilia
stratified squamous epithelium
thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar; cells at the apical surface are flattened (squamous); in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers.
transitional epithelium
basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome-shaped or squamous like, depending on how much the organ is stretched
areolar connective tissue
gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells include fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells), phagocytes, some white blood cells, and others
adipose tissue
matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet
reticular connective tissue
network of reticular fibers in a typical loose groud substance; reticular cells predominate
dense connective tissue
primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast
hyaline cartilage
firm matrix; collagen gibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells) produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae
fibrocartilage
matrix similar but less firm than in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate
bone (osseous tissue)
hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae. very well vascularized
skeletal muscle
long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations
cardiac muscle
branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs)
smooth muscle
spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei; cells arranged closely to form sheets; no striations
nervous tissue
neurons are branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing cell body; also contributing to nervous tissue are nonexitable supporting cells
epithelial tissue
cover or line surfaces, cover the external body surface, line its cavities, and generally mark off out “insides” from our outsides. functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sometimes sensory reception
muscle tissue
specialized to contract and to produce movement of some body parts.
nervous tissue
composed of two major cell populations
connective tissue
found in all parts of the body, most abundant, they protect support, and bind together other tissues of the body.
