Chapter 2 Flashcards
cell
the building block of all living things
tissues
multiple cells combined
organ
a structure composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body
organ system
a group of organs that act together to perform a particular body function or functions
integumentary
contains the skin, nails, and hair; cutaneous sense organs and glands. protects deeper organs from injury due to bumps, chemicals, bacteria, and dehydration, excretes salts and urea, helps regulate body temperature, produces vitamin D
skeletal
contains the bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and joints. supports and protects the internal organs, provides levers for muscular action, stores minerals (ex. calcium), and cavities provide a site for blood cell formation
muscular
muscles attached to the skeleton. skeletal muscles contract, or shorten; in doing so, they move bones to allow motion (running, walking, etc), grasping and manipulating the environment, and facial expression, generates heat
nervous
contains the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs. allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands, helps maintain short-term homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signal
endocrine
contains the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas. promotes growth and development; produces chemical “messengers” (hormones) that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body, plays a role in regulation long-term homeostasis
cardiovascular
contains the heart, blood vessels, and blood. primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the cells where exchanges are made; pumping action of the heart propels blood through the blood vessels, protects the body with blood clots, antibodies, and other protein molecules in the blood
lymphatic/immune
contains lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils. picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood, cleans blood of pathogens and other debris, houses cells (lymphocytes and others) that act in the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances (antigens)
respiratory
contains the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide, contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood via its carbonic acid/ bicarbonate buffer system
digestive
contains the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and accessory structures (teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). breaks down ingested foods into tiny particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body’s cells, undigested residue leaves the body as feces
urinary
contains kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. filters the blood and then rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes (urea, uric acid, and ammonia), which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids by the body’s cells, maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood
reproductive
for the male, it contains, testes, scrotum, penis, and duct system, which carries sperm to the body exterior.
for the female, it contains ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and the vagina. produces germ cells (sperm) for producing offspring, produces germ cells (egg) for producing offspring; the female uterus houses a developing fetus until birth
