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BIO 1115 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

how carbon moves between the atmosphere, ocean, land biosphere, and rocks one earth

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2
Q

What is the most abundant and important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?

A

water vapor

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3
Q

What give Earth it’s warmth and heating?

A

water vapor

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4
Q

How is water vapor regulated?

A

evaporation and condensation

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5
Q

What is water vapor set by?

A

Earths temperature

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6
Q

What happens to the amount of water vapor if the temperature rises?

A

increases

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7
Q

What happens to the amount of water vapor if the temperature decreases?

A

decreases

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8
Q

What does carbon dioxide absorb?

A

infrared photons

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9
Q

What is the most important greenhouse gas that humans directly influence?

A

Carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is the primary cause of climate change?

A

carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Is ozone essential for life on Earth?

A

yes

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12
Q

What does ozone absorb?

A

high-energy UV photons emitted by the sun before they reach Earth’s surface

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13
Q

Where is “good” ozone located?

A

high up in the stratosphere

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14
Q

What is “bad” ozone located?

A

near the ground

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15
Q

What is the Keeling Curve?

A

graph that represents continuous rise in atmospheric CO2 levels over time

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16
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Plants absorb CO2 from atmosphere and use it to produce more plant material

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17
Q

What is resipiration?

A

humans, animals, and bacteria consume plant material to produce energy

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18
Q

Where is carbon stored?

A

plants, animals, and organic carbon in soils

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19
Q

What does photosynthesis remove from the atmosphere?

A

CO2

20
Q

What does respiration put back into the atmosphere?

A

puts out CO2 to balance CO2 removed by photosynthesis

21
Q

What is the Sawtooth annual cycle?

A

when plants are growing, global photosynthesis exceeds respiration rate (summer)
when plant material produced in summer decays and releases CO2 back into the atmosphere (fall and winter)

22
Q

What happens if permafrost thaws?

A

organic matter in it will decay and release carbon into the atmosphere

23
Q

What does CO2 readily dissolve in?

A

water

24
Q

What does CO2 and water turn into?

A

carbonic acid

25
Q

How does the top ocean exchange CO2 with the atmosphere?

A

rapidly

26
Q

What layer of the ocean has most of the oceans carbon?

A

deep ocean

27
Q

What layer does the mixed layer of the ocean exchange carbon with?

A

deep ocean

28
Q

What do ocean currents do with carbon?

A

they mix high-carbon water from the mixed layer with low-carbon water from the deep ocean

29
Q

What are turnover times?

A

average time carbon stays in an ecosystem from entrance to exit

30
Q

How fast does the atmosphere exchange carbon with the land biosphere?

A

rapidly

31
Q

How fast does the atmosphere exchange carbon with the mixed-layer?

A

rapidly

32
Q

How fast does the atmosphere exchange carbon with the deep ocean?

A

slower

33
Q

How is CO2 transferred from rocks into atmosphere?

A

through volcanic eruptions

34
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

removes an equal amount of carbon from the atmosphere and transfers it back into rocks

35
Q

When were fossil fuels formed?

A

when plants grew (hundreds of millions of years ago) and were buried before carbon in the could be released back into the atmosphere by respiration

36
Q

What is combustion?

A

fossil fuels combine with oxygen to produce energy, CO2, and water vapor

37
Q

What are land-use changes?

A

when humans alter the natural landscape

38
Q

What is ocean acidification?

A

ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere, decreasing the ocean’s pH

39
Q

Can CO2 be chemically fingerprinted to show that it comes from fossil fuels?

A

yes

40
Q

What is carbon fingerprinting based on?

A

isotopes of carbon

41
Q

What is radiocarbon dating?

A

determines age of organic materials by measuring amount of Carbon-14 in them

42
Q

When did the increase of atmospheric CO2 start?

A

Industrial Revolution when society-wide burning of fossil fuels began

43
Q

What is the global warming potential?

A

warming power relative to CO2

44
Q

What are the most powerful greenhouse gases?

A

halocarbons

45
Q

What percentage of halocarbons are manmade?

A

100%

BIO 1115 (15 decks)

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