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Astronomy Exam I > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

We learn about the universe by collecting what?

A

Light

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2
Q

How do we collect light?

A

Telescope

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3
Q

The light and radiation we receive from stars and planets is generated at a what level?

A

Atomic

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4
Q

Light is a form of what?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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5
Q

Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when what?

A

Whenever an electric charge is accelerated, like an electron in a radio antenna.

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6
Q

Light is a wave produced by what?

A

Electricity and magnesium

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7
Q

The wave is a repeating motion. It is a set of what and what?

A

Crests and troughs

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8
Q

The movement through one crest through trough to the next crest is considered a complete cycle. What is the length of this cycle called?

A

A wavelength

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9
Q

The symbol of a wavelength is what? And its measured in what units?

A

λ, meters

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10
Q

The number of wave cycles that pass by per second is called what?

A

Frequency

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11
Q

The symbol used for frequency is what? And it’s measured in what?

A

f, Hertz (Hz)

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12
Q

Our eyes perceive different wavelengths as what?

A

Colors

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13
Q

Red is the what wavelength?

A

Longest

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14
Q

Violet is the what wavelength?

A

Shortest

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15
Q

What is the formula to find the speed a wave?

A

c=λf

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16
Q

What is the formula to find frequency?

A

f=c/λ

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17
Q

What is the formula to find wavelength?

A

λ=c/f

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18
Q

Speed of light is represented by what?

A

c=3x10^8 m/s

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19
Q

radio, telecommunication, cell phones, wifi, and bluetooth are all examples of things that use what?

A

electromagnetic radiation as waves

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20
Q

In the early 20th century, scientists found that lights some times behaves as what which is what?

A

photon, a tiny package of energy (not a wave)

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21
Q

what is a photon also known as?

A

the wave-particle duality of light

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22
Q

There is an enormous range of electromagnetic radiation in space which we call what?

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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23
Q

shorter wavelengths on the what, and longer on the what?

A

left, right

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24
Q

wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are typically given in what?

A

nanometers

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25
Q

1 nm is equal to what?

A

1nm = 1x10^-9m (1 billionth of a meter)

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26
Q

This ray is the shortest ray (always less than .01 nm). It has very high energy radiation but is absorbed by earths atmosphere.

A

gamma ray

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27
Q

this ray has wavelengths between .01-20nm. It has high energy radiation

A

X-ray

28
Q

this wavelength is less than violet light. We can’t see it and most is absorbed by earths atmosphere but it can still cause sunburns and skin cancer.

A

ultraviolet light

29
Q

this ray has wavelengths of 400-700nm. All colors of rainbow are seen here. Reaches the Earth.

A

visible light

30
Q

this ray is known as heat radiation. our bodies and heat lamps emit it. Water and CO2 absorb it so it’s usually collected high on mountaintops, planes, etc.

A

Infrared

31
Q

This wavelength is between 1mm-1m. Has shortwave communication

A

microwave

32
Q

this wave is longer than all microwaves. Used for communication

A

radio

33
Q

Temperature is measured in what when dealing with waves?

A

Kelvin

34
Q

Water freezes at what Kelvin?

A

273 K

35
Q

Water boils at what Kelvin?

A

373 K

36
Q

All objects emit what?

A

electromagnetic radiation

37
Q

all objects emit electromagnetic radiation because what and what are in continuous what?

A

molecules, atoms, vibration

38
Q

The characteristics of radiation are determine by what?

A

temperature

39
Q

A what is an object that does not reflect or scatter any radiation but instead absorbs all the what that falls onto it. An example of this is stars.

A

blackbody, electromagnetic energy

40
Q

For blackbody curves, the equation for which maximum power is emitted can be calculated by the equation what?

A

λmax = (3x10^6)/T

41
Q

λmax is in what?

A

nanometers (1 nm = 1x10^-9m)

42
Q

T for temperature is measured in what?

A

Kelvin

43
Q

What is the measurement of the peak of the crest on the blackbody spectrum

A

Wein’s law

44
Q

In 1672 who passed what through a what to produce what?

A

Issac Newton, sunlight, prism, the colors of the rainbow

45
Q

In 1850, who found what on the solar spectrum

A

Joseph Fraunhofer, 600 dark lines

46
Q

The dark lines that Fraunhofer found are caused by what?

A

The outer gas layers of the sun are absorbing certain wavelengths of light creating an absorption spectrum.

47
Q

if we heat a gas up
enough that it will glow, the atoms
of the gas will emit only specific
wavelengths. this is called what?

A

emission spectrum

48
Q

what do the several bright lines on the emission spectrum help us identify?

A

the types of atoms that are producing light

49
Q

This type of spectra is formed when a solid or very dense gas gives off radiation.

A

continuous spectrum

50
Q

this type of spectra consists of a series or pattern
of dark lines—missing colors—superimposed upon
the continuous spectrum of a source.

A

Absorption spectrum

51
Q

this type of spectra appears as a pattern or series of
bright lines; it consists of light in which only certain
discrete wavelengths are present.

A

emission spectrum

52
Q

looking at absorption and emission lines help us to what?

A

discover what the composition of stars and clouds of gas are

53
Q

helium was discovered by studying the what of the sun?

A

absorption spectrum

54
Q

Why do certain elements either absorb or emit specific wavelengths of light?

A

it has to do with their atomic structure

55
Q

Positively charged particles called what reside in the what of an atom, in the what?

A

protons, center, nucleus

56
Q

Negatively charged particles called what are what around the what?

A

electrons, orbiting, nucleus

57
Q

who found that electrons can only exist in certain specific orbits around the nucleus that are at a specific energy level?

A

Niels Bohr

58
Q

how do we get the emission spectrum?

A

when energy is added to an atom, that increases the energy of an electron. In turn the electron releases a photon of light with exact energy.

59
Q

how do we get an absorption spectrum?

A

when white light is shown on an atom, it will take the exact amount of photons it needs to move up an energy level.

60
Q

what is the Doppler effect?

A

this happens when light source S is approaching or receding from the observer. this will cause the wave lengths to be more closely together or spread out.

61
Q

when the source S is moving
toward you, the waves seem to what one another
more closely, at a what wavelength and thus
what frequency. Called a what?

A

follow, decreased, increased, blueshift

62
Q

when the source S is moving perpendicularly
what happens to the observed wavelength or
frequency.

A

nothing it stays the same

63
Q

when the source S is moving away from you the waves arrive at an what wavelength and
what frequency. Called a what?

A

increased, decreased, redshift

64
Q

observing the redshift and blueshift from a source allows us to determine what about the source?

A

the sources radial velocity

65
Q

what is the doppler shift equation?

A

(triangleλ)/λ = v/c
λ = wavelength emitted from the source
triangleλ = the difference between the λ and the wavelength measured by the observer.
c = the speed of light
v = the relative speed of the observer and the source in the line of sight
v is positive if its redshift
v is negative if its blueshift

66
Q
A

Astronomy Exam I (13 decks)

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