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Astronomy Exam I > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

We learn about the universe by collecting what?

A

Light

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2
Q

How do we collect light?

A

Telescope

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3
Q

The light and radiation we receive from stars and planets is generated at a what level?

A

Atomic

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4
Q

Light is a form of what?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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5
Q

Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when what?

A

Whenever an electric charge is accelerated, like an electron in a radio antenna.

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6
Q

Light is a wave produced by what?

A

Electricity and magnesium

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7
Q

The wave is a repeating motion. It is a set of what and what?

A

Crests and troughs

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8
Q

The movement through one crest through trough to the next crest is considered a complete cycle. What is the length of this cycle called?

A

A wavelength

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9
Q

The symbol of a wavelength is what? And its measured in what units?

A

λ, meters

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10
Q

The number of wave cycles that pass by per second is called what?

A

Frequency

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11
Q

The symbol used for frequency is what? And it’s measured in what?

A

f, Hertz (Hz)

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12
Q

Our eyes perceive different wavelengths as what?

A

Colors

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13
Q

Red is the what wavelength?

A

Longest

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14
Q

Violet is the what wavelength?

A

Shortest

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15
Q

What is the formula to find the speed a wave?

A

c=λf

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16
Q

What is the formula to find frequency?

A

f=c/λ

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17
Q

What is the formula to find wavelength?

A

λ=c/f

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18
Q

Speed of light is represented by what?

A

c=3x10^8 m/s

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19
Q

radio, telecommunication, cell phones, wifi, and bluetooth are all examples of things that use what?

A

electromagnetic radiation as waves

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20
Q

In the early 20th century, scientists found that lights some times behaves as what which is what?

A

photon, a tiny package of energy (not a wave)

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21
Q

what is a photon also known as?

A

the wave-particle duality of light

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22
Q

There is an enormous range of electromagnetic radiation in space which we call what?

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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23
Q

shorter wavelengths on the what, and longer on the what?

A

left, right

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24
Q

wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are typically given in what?

A

nanometers

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25
1 nm is equal to what?
1nm = 1x10^-9m (1 billionth of a meter)
26
This ray is the shortest ray (always less than .01 nm). It has very high energy radiation but is absorbed by earths atmosphere.
gamma ray
27
this ray has wavelengths between .01-20nm. It has high energy radiation
X-ray
28
this wavelength is less than violet light. We can't see it and most is absorbed by earths atmosphere but it can still cause sunburns and skin cancer.
ultraviolet light
29
this ray has wavelengths of 400-700nm. All colors of rainbow are seen here. Reaches the Earth.
visible light
30
this ray is known as heat radiation. our bodies and heat lamps emit it. Water and CO2 absorb it so it's usually collected high on mountaintops, planes, etc.
Infrared
31
This wavelength is between 1mm-1m. Has shortwave communication
microwave
32
this wave is longer than all microwaves. Used for communication
radio
33
Temperature is measured in what when dealing with waves?
Kelvin
34
Water freezes at what Kelvin?
273 K
35
Water boils at what Kelvin?
373 K
36
All objects emit what?
electromagnetic radiation
37
all objects emit electromagnetic radiation because what and what are in continuous what?
molecules, atoms, vibration
38
The characteristics of radiation are determine by what?
temperature
39
A what is an object that does not reflect or scatter any radiation but instead absorbs all the what that falls onto it. An example of this is stars.
blackbody, electromagnetic energy
40
For blackbody curves, the equation for which maximum power is emitted can be calculated by the equation what?
λmax = (3x10^6)/T
41
λmax is in what?
nanometers (1 nm = 1x10^-9m)
42
T for temperature is measured in what?
Kelvin
43
What is the measurement of the peak of the crest on the blackbody spectrum
Wein's law
44
In 1672 who passed what through a what to produce what?
Issac Newton, sunlight, prism, the colors of the rainbow
45
In 1850, who found what on the solar spectrum
Joseph Fraunhofer, 600 dark lines
46
The dark lines that Fraunhofer found are caused by what?
The outer gas layers of the sun are absorbing certain wavelengths of light creating an absorption spectrum.
47
if we heat a gas up enough that it will glow, the atoms of the gas will emit only specific wavelengths. this is called what?
emission spectrum
48
what do the several bright lines on the emission spectrum help us identify?
the types of atoms that are producing light
49
This type of spectra is formed when a solid or very dense gas gives off radiation.
continuous spectrum
50
this type of spectra consists of a series or pattern of dark lines—missing colors—superimposed upon the continuous spectrum of a source.
Absorption spectrum
51
this type of spectra appears as a pattern or series of bright lines; it consists of light in which only certain discrete wavelengths are present.
emission spectrum
52
looking at absorption and emission lines help us to what?
discover what the composition of stars and clouds of gas are
53
helium was discovered by studying the what of the sun?
absorption spectrum
54
Why do certain elements either absorb or emit specific wavelengths of light?
it has to do with their atomic structure
55
Positively charged particles called what reside in the what of an atom, in the what?
protons, center, nucleus
56
Negatively charged particles called what are what around the what?
electrons, orbiting, nucleus
57
who found that electrons can only exist in certain specific orbits around the nucleus that are at a specific energy level?
Niels Bohr
58
how do we get the emission spectrum?
when energy is added to an atom, that increases the energy of an electron. In turn the electron releases a photon of light with exact energy.
59
how do we get an absorption spectrum?
when white light is shown on an atom, it will take the exact amount of photons it needs to move up an energy level.
60
what is the Doppler effect?
this happens when light source S is approaching or receding from the observer. this will cause the wave lengths to be more closely together or spread out.
61
when the source S is moving toward you, the waves seem to what one another more closely, at a what wavelength and thus what frequency. Called a what?
follow, decreased, increased, blueshift
62
when the source S is moving perpendicularly what happens to the observed wavelength or frequency.
nothing it stays the same
63
when the source S is moving away from you the waves arrive at an what wavelength and what frequency. Called a what?
increased, decreased, redshift
64
observing the redshift and blueshift from a source allows us to determine what about the source?
the sources radial velocity
65
what is the doppler shift equation?
(triangleλ)/λ = v/c λ = wavelength emitted from the source triangleλ = the difference between the λ and the wavelength measured by the observer. c = the speed of light v = the relative speed of the observer and the source in the line of sight v is positive if its redshift v is negative if its blueshift
66

Astronomy Exam I (14 decks)

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