Chapter 16

Question 1

The sun is a what?

Answer 1

A garden variety star

Question 2

The suns energy output is what?

Answer 2

4x10^26 watts

Question 3

Watts is a unit of what?

Answer 3

power

Question 4

What do watts tell us?

Answer 4

the rate at which energy is being used

Question 5

How to get joules?

Answer 5

weight x speed = joules

Question 6

100 watts = ?joules

Answer 6

100 joules

Question 7

How does the sun put out its energy?

Answer 7

The the law of conservation of energy

Question 8

what is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 8

energy can not be created or destroyed but can be transferred from one type to another

Question 9

eisteinswhat did listens theory of relativity state?

Answer 9

that matter can be considered a form of energy too and can be converted into energy

Question 10

what is the equation for converting mass to energy?

Answer 10

E=mc^2
E=energy
m=mass
c^2=(3x10^8)^2

Question 11

the conversion of mass into energy is the suns source of what?

Answer 11

heat and light

Question 12

the sun is a big reserve of what?

Answer 12

matter

Question 13

all stars produce their energy through what?

Answer 13

nuclear fusion

Question 14

what is nuclear fusion?

Answer 14

the joining together of nuclei

Question 15

atomic nuclei contain what?

Answer 15

positively charged protons

Question 16

because nuclei contain positively charged protons they naturally do what?

Answer 16

repel each other

Question 17

how to we overcome the repulsion of the protons?

Answer 17

heat; the particles start moving faster

Question 18

two protons can fuse together in regions hotter than what?

Answer 18

12 million k

Question 19

what is the 3 step process called in the sun?

Answer 19

the proton-proton chain

Question 20

what happens in the proton-proton chain?

Answer 20

4 nuclei combine to create helium nucleus. the nucleus has less mass than the four nuclei combined and the mass lost is converted into energy.

Question 21

when what is converted into what in the proton-proton chain, how much of what’s mass is converted into energy?

Answer 21

hydrogen, helium, hydrogen, 0.071%,

Question 22

the sun is what? which means its neither what or what?

Answer 22

stable, expanding, contracting

Question 23

hydrostatic equilibrium is when what?

Answer 23

when the pressure inside the star is greater than the outside force causing it to expand. once it expands as far as it can go, it balances back out into equilibrium.