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AP US HIstory Chapters > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many Bostonians were killed when a crowd gathered outside the Boston customs house while protesting a British Soldier’s behavior?

A

Four

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2
Q

Who was George Robert Twelve Hewes?

A

Political Activist against British Soldier Brutality

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3
Q

How many British Troops were in Boston around 1770?

A

Four Thousand

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4
Q

When did the Seven Years War last?

A

1756-1763

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5
Q

What was the Seven Years War known as to Anglo-Americans, and who won the war?

A

French and Indian War, Britain and colonies defeated France

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6
Q

What was the occupation of Thomas Hutchinson?

A

MA Lieutenant Governor and Chief Justice

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7
Q

When did King George’s War end?

A

1748

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8
Q

What happened in a diplomatic revolution?

A

Australia shifted its allegiance from Britain to France

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9
Q

What geographic area was the center of conflict during 1750-1754?

A

Ohio River Valley

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10
Q

What did the French do to the Ohio Country in 1753?

A

Built a chain of forts

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11
Q

What was George Washington’s Occupation at 21?

A

Surveyor and Speculator

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12
Q

What did the French do in 1754?

A

The Troops drove the Virginians back to their homes

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13
Q

Where did seven colonies send their delegates to negotiate a treaty with the six nation Iroquois o 1754?

A

Albany Congress

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14
Q

How were the Iroquois bound to the British before 1754?

A

Covenant Chain and Grand Settlement of 1701

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15
Q

Whose ideas were the basis for the Albany Plan of Union?

A

Ben Franklin and Tom Hutchinson

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16
Q

Which council represented all the colonies?

A

Grand Council

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17
Q

What would the Grand Council develop?

A

Coordinated Policies regarding military defense and Indian affairs

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18
Q

Who did the British dispatch to seize Fort Duquesne at the headwaters of Ohio?

A

General Edward James Braddock

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19
Q

What happened of July 9th, 1755?

A

600 Natives and 250 French and Canadians ambushed Braddock’s force of 2,200 Britons and Virginians

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20
Q

What was Braddock’s troops response to the ambush of 1755?

A

To retreat

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21
Q

Which French armed tribes struck the settlers in Western, Penn, Maryland, and Virginia?

A

Shawnees, Delawares, and Mingos

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22
Q

Which places were captured by the French and Natives in 1756 and 1757?

A

Fort Oswego and Lake Ontario - 1756

Fort William Henry on Lake George - 1757

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23
Q

What did the Iroquois and most Ohio Indians begin to anger at?

A

The French Treatment of them

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24
Q

When did the Iroquois and Ohio Indians abandon the French?

A

1758

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25
Q

What did the withdrawal of the Iroquois and Ohio Indians enable the British to do?

A

Capture Fort Duquesne and other French Forts

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26
Q

Who reinvigorated British Patriotism throughout the Empire?

A

William Pitt

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27
Q

Why did Pitt not send large numbers of additional troops to America?

A

He believed that the key to crushing New France lay in the mobilization of colonial soldiers

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28
Q

Who would bear most of the cost of fighting the Seven years War?

A

Parliament

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29
Q

Who were the Anglo-Americans under when they captured Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg in 1758

A

General Jeffery Amherst

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30
Q

What happened in September 1759?

A

General James Wolfe defeated the French commander in chief, Louis Joseph Montcalm

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31
Q

When did French Resistance end?

A

1760 when Montreal surrendered

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32
Q

When did the French try to capture Newfoundland?

A

June 1762

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33
Q

What officially ended the Seven Years War?

A

When America ad Europe signed the Treaty of Paris in 1763

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34
Q

What did the Treaty of Paris do?

A

All land E. of MI River to Britain (except New Orleans)

Spain ceded Florida to Britain

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35
Q

What did the Treaty of San Illdefonso do?

A

France ceded vast territory to Spain

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36
Q

After the Seven Years War, which Franco-Americans were the most adversely affected?

A

Acadians

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37
Q

When Britain took over Acadia in 1713, what did they rename it?

A

Nova Scotia

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38
Q

WHat did Nova Scotia’s government order?

A

All Acadians to swear loyalty to Britain and not to bear arms for France

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39
Q

What were the descendants of deported Acadians known as?

A

Cajuns

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40
Q

What did Colonial Soldiers complain?

A

British Officers treated them as slaves

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41
Q

How much did Britain’s debt rise during the war?

A

Nearly Doubled

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42
Q

What was the Anglo-Americans’ “consumer revolution”?

A

Colonists’ purchases of British goods fueled Britain’s economy

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43
Q

When did King George III rule reign?

A

1760-1820

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44
Q

What did Amherst do to confirm the Indian fear of being treated as subjects rather than allies?

A

Cut expenses by refusing to distribute food, ammunition, and other gifts

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45
Q

Who was Neolin?

A

A prophet who reported that he was instructed to urge Natives to unify and to repudiate European culture, material goods, and alliances

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46
Q

What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?

A

When the Ottawa Pontiac forged an explicitly anti-British movement, and sacked 8 British forts near the great lakes in 1763

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47
Q

What prevented uprising in the Southeast and the MI Valley?

A

British diplomacy

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48
Q

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

A

Issued by George III, to assert direct British control of land transactions, settlement, trade, and other activities of non-Indians west of a line along the Appalachian crest.

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49
Q

How did the proclamation of 1763 anger colonies?

A

By subordinating their western claims to imperial authority and by slowing expansion

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50
Q

What was the writ of assistance to seize illegally imported goods?

A

Search warrant that permitted customs officials to enter any ship or building where smuggled goods might be hidden

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51
Q

What was the writ of assistance described as by colonists?

A

Unconstitutional

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52
Q

Who was hired to challenge the writ of assistance?

A

James Otis

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53
Q

Why did Tom Hutchinson not pass Otis’s argument against warrants?

A

They had the same warrants in England

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54
Q

When was the Sugar Act passed by Parliament?

A

1764

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55
Q

Who was the British prime minister who ordered the Navy to enforce the Sugar Act?

A

George Grenville

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56
Q

When did Americans smuggle molasses until?

A

1766

57
Q

What did the rates of Britons average at in 1765?

A

26 Shillings

58
Q

When was the Stamp Act enforced?

A

March 1765

59
Q

What did the Stamp Act oblige?

A

Colonists to purchase and use special stamped paper for all official documents

60
Q

What was the duty of an internal tax?

A

To raise revenue for the crown and affect many more people

61
Q

What was the duty of an external tax?

A

Intended to regulate trade and fell mainly on merchants and ship captains

62
Q

Who objected to Britain’s levying an internal tax on the colonists?

A

William Pitt

63
Q

What did Grenville and his supporters deny?

A

That the colonists were entitled to any exemption from British taxation because they elected their own assemblies

64
Q

How did colonists feel about the Stamp Act?

A

It forced them either to confront the issue of parliamentary taxation head on or to surrender any claim to meaningful rights of self-government

65
Q

What did James Otis argue opposing the Sugar Act?

A

That the colonists assumed that the empire was a loose federation in which their legislatures possessed considerable autonomy, rather than an extended nation governed directly from London

66
Q

What did the Stamp Act demonstrate to the colonists?

A

Parliament’s indifference to their interests and the shallowness of the theory of virtual representation

67
Q

What did Patrick Henry do in May 1765?

A

Urged the Virginia House of Burgesses to adopt several strongly worded resolutions denying Parliament’s power to tax the colonies

68
Q

How many of Patrick Henry’s resolutions did Parliament pass?

A

4 out of 7

69
Q

What did the Loyal Nine do?

A

They recognized the stamp distributers as the weak link, and wanted the public to pressure them into resigning before the day taxes were due

70
Q

How was Boston struggling after and before the seven years war?

A

Shipbuilding Industry was losing ground
British Impressment of MA fisherman undermined the fishing industry
Had to recover from the great fire in 1760

71
Q

What did Ebenezer MacIntosh do?

A

Lead hundreds of Bostonians to demolish Andrew Oliver’s new building, Oliver resigned due to the crowds

72
Q

What other significant building did Bostonian crowds destroy?

A

The home of Tom Hutchinson

73
Q

Did Tom Hutchinson support or oppose the Stamp Act?

A

Secretly opposed

74
Q

What did the Sons of Liberty focus their actions on?

A

Strictly against property and invariably left avenues of escape for their victims

75
Q

What did New York merchants do to force the Stamp Act repeal on October 31, 1765?

A

Agreed to boycott all British goods

76
Q

Why did the Marquis of Rockingham hesitate to advocate repeal of the Stamp Act after the boycotts?

A

Because the overwhelming majority within Parliament was outraged at colonial defiance of the law

77
Q

When did Parliament finally revoke the Stamp Act?

A

March 1766

78
Q

What did the Declaratory Act do?

A

Affirmed Parliamentary power to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

79
Q

How did the House of Commons intend to take the Declaratory Act?

A

Literally, meaning that they could not claim exemption from any parliamentary statute, including a tax law

80
Q

What did John Locke argue?

A

That each man had enjoyed the natural rights of life, liberty, and property

81
Q

What did Locke’s concept of natural rights justify?

A

Opposition to arbitrary legislation by Parliament

82
Q

What did Parliament form?

A

The foundation of England’s unique political liberties and protected those liberties against inherent corruption and tyranny of executive power

83
Q

What did the lasting members of parliament believe they had created?

A

Self-interested “factions” and joined in a conspiracy against liberty

84
Q

Which group of people tried to stay neutral or opposed to the protests against Protestant sermons?

A

Anglican ministers

85
Q

What did Jean Jacques Rousseau believe?

A

Humans had a sacred social contract

86
Q

What was direct democracy?

A

Everyone could participate in government

87
Q

What were people that didn’t participate in government called?

A

Idiots

88
Q

People began to call themselves Republicans in 1760’s, what did they become known as?

A

Oppositionists

89
Q

What did the country of Whigs soon believe?

A

That England should directly represent their colonists

90
Q

What did the Quatering Acts do?

A

British had the right to house British troops in private barracks
Colonial tax had to be raised to support the troops
Quartering of troops was strictly prohibited in the English Bill of Rights

91
Q

Who was elected the Minister of Exchequer in England?

A

Charles Townshend

92
Q

What did the Revenue Acts do?

A

Taxed colonial lead, paint, glass, iron goods and tea

93
Q

How does Townshend bring enforcement of the taxes?

A

By reforming the customs houses

94
Q

Who had Townshend appointed the Royal governor of MA

A

Tom Hutchinson

95
Q

Who wrote “Letter from a Penn Farmer”

A

John Dickinson

96
Q

What did Letter from a Penn Farmer say?

A

Parliament had no right to tax the colonies

“No taxation without representation”

97
Q

When did colonists begin to view themselves as Americans?

A

When they began to boycott British tea and smuggle Dutch Tea which created new American businesses

98
Q

When were the Townshend Acts repealed?

A

1769

99
Q

What was the smuggling of tea doing?

A

Killing the British East India Company

100
Q

What did Townshend believe?

A

That the colonists would accept external taxes

101
Q

Who formed the sewing circles?

A

Abigail Adams

102
Q

Who was John Wilkes?

A

A newspaper editor that spoke out against the king and the elites and called King George a tyrant

103
Q

Once Wilkes was brought to St. Georgia’s Prison, what happened?

A

20,000 - 40,000 people begin a massive protest at St. George’s Field

104
Q

What was the reason for the repeal of the Townshend Acts?

A

76% decline in British Goods

105
Q

When did the Boston Massacre takes place?

A

March 5, 1770

106
Q

Who painted the famous painting bout the Boston Massacre?

A

Paul Revere

107
Q

What committee begin to form as a result of the Boston Massacre?

A

Committee of Correspondence

108
Q

What was the deathbed confession of John Adams?

A

He believed the Americans fired the first shot

109
Q

Where were the British soldiers of the Boston Massacre acquitted?

A

A Boston Courtroom

110
Q

When did the Boston Tea Party take place?

A

December 17, 1773

111
Q

When did Lord North issue the Coercive Acts?

A

July 1774

112
Q

What did the Justice Act do?

A

Said that any British soldier charged with killing an American colonist would be tried in England

113
Q

What did the Quebec Act entail?

A

Allowed French Canadians to settle in the ORV

Recognized the Catholic Church in Canada

114
Q

Who put MA under martial law?

A

Thomas Gage

115
Q

What did Dunmore’s Proclamation do?

A

Granted slaves freedom if they remained loyal to the king

116
Q

When was the 1st Continental Congress held?

A

September 1774

117
Q

What did the Suffolk Revolves say?

A

The people of MA should take every precaution for protection

118
Q

Who were the minutemen?

A

MA militia established in 1775

119
Q

Who along with Paul Revere warned that the British were coming?

A

Samuel Dawes

120
Q

Who won the battle at Concord Bridge?

A

The colonists

121
Q

When was the second continental congress held?

A

May 1775

122
Q

What did the Olive Branch petition ask for from King George III?

A

cease fired in Boston
Reestablishment of American government and rights
English repeal of the Coercive Acts

123
Q

Who led the militias when they captured Fort Ticonderoga?

A

Ethan Allen

124
Q

Who was sent to enforce the coercive Acts in Boston?

A

Thomas Gage

125
Q

When Gage was order by WIlliam Howe to find higher ground in Boston, where did he go to?

A

Dorchester Heights and Charlestown

126
Q

Where did the Battle of Bunker Hill take place?

A

Breed’s Hill

127
Q

Who wins the battle of Norfolk Bridge?

A

The Virginia Militia

128
Q

Who captures Montreal in September 1775?

A

New York and MA militia

129
Q

Who laid siege to Quebec?

A

Putnam and Benedict

130
Q

What did Benedict Arnold have against George Washington?

A

Washington was never able to support them when laying siege to Quebec

131
Q

Who dragged 60 canons 300 miles using sleds?

A

Henry Knocks

132
Q

When Lord Howe evacuated Boston, where did he take all of the British troops?

A

Halifax, Nova Scotia

133
Q

Who wrote Common Sense?

A

Thomas Paine

134
Q

What did Common Sense say?

A

Listed all the grievances of the colonists
Suggests Monarchy is evil
Portrays king as a tyrant

135
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

136
Q

What were the advantages of the British Army?

A 
Professional
Paid
Better Trained
Hessians
German Mercenaries
British Navy
137
Q

What was the advantage of the american army?

A

They had the motivation to fight`

138
Q

Who was the reason that America won the war?

A

George Washington

139
Q

Who won the war in the south?

A

Nathaniel Grene

AP US HIstory Chapters (2 decks)

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