Chapter #5

Question 1

What is socialization?

Answer 1

Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms, customs, and social roles.

Question 2

what is Status?

Answer 2

is a recognized social position that an individual occupies.
-ex. step dad.

Question 3

what is Status Set?

Answer 3

is a collection of statues people collect over time.
-ex. wife, mother, girlfriend, teacher.

Question 4

what is Achieved Status?

Answer 4

is a status you entered at some stage of your life, you weren’t born into it, you earned it.
-ex. being a university student.

Question 5

what is Ascribed Status?

Answer 5

is a status that you were born into (Daughter, son, black), or have entered into involuntarily (teenager, cancer survivor, elderly person).

Question 6

what is Social Mobility?

Answer 6

is the degree to which your status is achieved or ascribed.
-ex. communist countries, like South Asia.

Question 7

what is Colourism?

Answer 7

It’s the idea that lighter skin is best, even within minority communities.

Question 8

what is white-passing?

Answer 8

changing your appearance and culture to pass as a white person.

Question 9

what is Biological Determinism?

Answer 9

The theory is that all social situations are determined by biological factors such as genetics, not social or cultural
influences.
-ex. “boys will be boys”

Question 10

who and what is Master Status?

Answer 10

Everett C. Hughes.
-Dominates all of an individual’s statuses Plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual’s social identity
– E.g., “race,” ethnicity, gender.

Question 11

what is Status Hierarchy?

Answer 11

statuses that can be ranked high or low.
-ex male over female, white over black, rich or poor.

Question 12

what is status consistency?

Answer 12

is the condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy
– E.g., male, white, of British heritage, rich, heterosexual, and able-bodied

Question 13

what is status inconstancy?

Answer 13

occurs when a person holds social statuses that are ranked differently and do not align.
-ex. middle-aged white man born into wealth but works in construction.

Question 14

what is a Role?

Answer 14

is a set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status, can differ from culture to culture.

Question 15

who and what is a Role Set?

Answer 15

Robert Merton
-all the roles that are attached to a particular status. A status may be associated with more than one role
-ex, students have a peer role with students, role with instructors and paying customers to the university.

Question 16

what is role strain?

Answer 16

develops when there is a conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status.
– E.g., a student catching a classmate cheating

Question 17

what is role conflict?

Answer 17

when you have to pick between two roles.
-ex, deciding between studying because your a student or attending to your sick kids because u are also a mother.

Question 18

what is role exit?

Answer 18

is the process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity and establishing a new role
-ex, retiring u can no longer say you work as a nurse, divorce you are no longer married.

Question 19

who and what is George Simmel?

Answer 19

Microsociologist and symbolic interactionist.

Question 20

what did Charles Cooley do?

Answer 20

studied identity formation through the looking-glass self.

Question 21

who and what is William Thomas?

Answer 21

Coined the concept definition of the situation
* Individuals define situations based on their subjective experiences and respond accordingly

Question 22

what is the social organization?

Answer 22

social and cultural principles
around which people and things are structured, ordered, and categorized.
-ex. hierarchy, communist, democratic.

Question 23

what is organizational structure?

Answer 23

principles that are upheld by shared
cultural beliefs and maintained through social relations.

Question 24

what is organizational ritual?

Answer 24

is a form of social action were a group’s values and identity are publicly demonstrated.
-ex, religions.

Question 25

what is Carrol Mueller’s three models of feminist organizations.

Answer 25

1. Formal social movement organizations
2. Small groups or collectives
3. Service-provider organizations

Question 26

what is bureaucracy and its 4 elements?

Answer 26

bureaucracy is marked by formal
rationalization and its four elements:
1. Efficiency
2. Quantification
3. Predictability
4. Control

Question 27

what is substantive rationalization?

Answer 27

focuses on values and ethics.

Question 28

George Ritzer and Mcdonaldization?

Answer 28

“The process of [rationalizing] principles of the fast-food restaurant is coming to dominate more and more of American society as well as the rest of the world” he used Weber’s 4 fundamental elements.