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SOWK201 Midterm > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Does Canada currently have a national child welfare system?

A

NO

Each province/territory is responsible for child welfare

Ex. 53 separate child welfare agencies in Ontario alone

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2
Q

First Nations child welfare can be provided by what agencies?.

A
  • The provincial agency
  • First Nations agency (either directly or referred)
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3
Q

Child welfare is one of the most difficult areas for practitioners. What does it involve?

A
  • child and family investigation
  • family support
  • child placement
  • foster care
  • guardianship
  • adoption
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4
Q

The services that social workers provide for
children and youth can be either “________”
or “__________”

A
  1. “IN-HOME”
  2. “OUT-OF-HOME”
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5
Q

Differentiate between in-home services and out-of-home services for children

A

In-Home:
- services to help family members live together in a secure and safe environment
- ex. family counselling, parenting supports

Out-of-Home:
- implemented when home becomes unsuitable for child
- ex. transition programs, kinship care

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6
Q

Why is evidence-based practice especially important for child welfare?

A

Because it ensures that social work interventions with children have the most effective outcomes

A SW would not want to be testing a bunch of interventions on a child that were not evidenced and effective.

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7
Q

Within the framework for child protection, what does the model take into account?

A

Not just the immediate situation of the client, but also the wider community, the child welfare agency, and the political context.
(micro, mezzo, macro)

*screenshot of model on desktop

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8
Q

Prior to 1890, how did child welfare and families operate?

A
  • Children of rural settler families worked at farming with other family members (strict division of labour)
  • Wife & children existed as dependent on the man
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9
Q

In contrast to rural settler families, what were the beliefs of Indigenous communities before 1890.

A

Indigenous people believed that the connection of a child to the community os important

Essentially, it is the responsibility of the entire community to meet the child’s needs

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10
Q

What happened between 1867 - 1890 regarding child welfare in canada?

A

This period introduced laws that changed the overly powerful position of husbands/fathers, but no laws to protect women and children yet

For example, the right for men to inflict punishment on their wives and children was challenged

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11
Q

What changed for Indigenous children between 1867 and 1890

A

The beginning of the Indian Act (1876) to assimilate Indigenous children into mainstream society

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12
Q

Who was John Joseph Kelso (1864 - 1935)?

A

Was an Irish immigrant to Toronto and a child welfare pioneer

Helped found the Toronto Humane Society which aimed to prevent cruelty to children and animals

Served as superintendent of Neglected and Dependent Children

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13
Q

Who helped establish Children’s Aid Societies throughout Ontario and other provinces?

A

John Joseph Kelso

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14
Q

What province was the last in Canada to develop child welfare legistlation?

A

QUEBEC

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15
Q

Why did it take Quebec so long to implement child welfare legislation?

A

Because French Civil Law in Quebec gave the Church power to step in when parents failed

Because of this, Quebec felt they did not have to initiate child protection as a provincial service

*Essentially, the Church’s influence on child welfare was strong up until the 1960s

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16
Q

What era marked an increase in government involvement in child welfare?

A

Late 19th to early 20th century
(1890s - 1900s)

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17
Q

What were some of the first substantial changes for child welfare in the early 1900s?

A
  • Federal and provincial legislation enacted to allow state to remove children from parents
  • Provinces started to establish ways to inspect working conditions for children in factories
  • Women’s organizations were important in development of child and family welfare
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18
Q

After which world war was there a period of expansion of research and of empirical knowledge related to child welfare and child
maltreatment in particular.

A

After world war TWO

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19
Q

What is battered-child syndrome?

A

An american pediatrician identified child abuse as a regular and reoccurring aspect of many households rather than a rare occurance

*An example of scientific knowledge that emerged regarding children after ww2

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20
Q

What was the Badgley Report?

A

Revealed that 1 in 2 females and 1 in 3 males had at some point been the victim of unwanted sexual acts

AND that 4 out of 5 of these acts took place during childhood

*An example of scientific knowledge that emerged regarding children after ww2

21
Q

After WW2 with more scientific evidence regarding children maltreatment was being published, what trends changed?

A
  • Lots of child welfare legistlation introduced
  • Shift from volunteers to more professional service
  • Provincial governments began to accept responsibility for delivering child welfare
  • Social work agencies implemented risk-assessment models
22
Q

What are risk assessments?

A

Estimate the likelihood that a child will be maltreated and if a harmful event should occur, what the potential level of harm will be.

*by 2002, 8 provinces had adopted some form of a risk-assessment tool

23
Q

What do opponents of risk-assessment approaches argue?

A

They argue that in practice, they contribute to the erosion of professional practice and in favour of managerialism

24
Q

What are collaborative approaches to child protection? List some of the interventions in this category?

A

Collaborative approaches are based on developing positive working relationships between social workers and family members

Types:
- Family Group Conference (FGC)

  • Mediation
  • Cultural and/or Traditional Decision Making
  • Signs of Safety
25
Q

What is a Family Group Conference (FGC)

A

A meeting where all interested parties plan out the child’s safety and well-being

26
Q

What is Mediation as a collaborative approach to child protection?

A

Focusing on common goals and interests and mutually acceptable solutions that benefit child

27
Q

What is Cultural/Traditional Decision making as a collaborative approach to child protection?

A

Following community or culturally-based models and practices

28
Q

What are Signs of Safety as a collaborative approach to child protection?

A

Collaboration between family members and SW to focus on safety planning

29
Q

What are the stages of a Family Group Conference?

A
  1. Introductions
  2. Information
    (concerns, questions, etc.)
  3. Private Family Time
    (discuss concerns and decide plan)
  4. The Plan
    (confirm the agreement/plan)
30
Q

Child-welfare practitioners try to seek a balance between which two types of
approaches?

A
  • Best-interests approach
    (emphasizes protection of child above everything)
  • Least restriction approach
    (emphasizes that the action will cause the least disruption or change for the child - preferably them staying with their family)
31
Q

What is the duty to report?

A

People in professions that work with children have duty to report child abuse if they suspect it

Every member of society is expected to report, even if they do not work in jobs with children

32
Q

What is the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS)?

A

It’s a national initiative to collect data on children who are suspected to be abused/neglected

Examines reports and that characteristics of children and families investigated

33
Q

Child maltreatment falls into what 5 broad categories?

A
  • Physical abuse
  • Sexual abuse
  • Neglect
  • Emotional maltreatment
  • Exposure to domestic violence
34
Q

What is the most pervasive form of child maltreatment in high-income counties?

A

Child Neglect

About 1 in 3 substantiated cases of child maltreatment are due to neglect

35
Q

What types of child maltreatment have declined, and which ones have maintained?

A

Sexual and physical abuse has DECREASED

Neglect has remained CONSTANT

36
Q

What is substitute care?

A

“The last resort”

Putting a child in care in someone else other than his family (ex. foster care, group homes)

When maltreatment of a child has been substantiated, substitute care may be needed

37
Q

What is the placement of choice for younger children and older children when they need substitute care?

A

Foster care for younger kids

Group homes for older children

38
Q

For a child in foster care, what are they entitled to recieve?

A
  • physical care (clothing, food, shelter)
  • emotional care (love and inclusion, nurturing emotional and intellectual development)
  • Guidance and supervision
  • Positive role modeling
39
Q

What are group homes? What are important factors to help children?

A

Staffed residences accommodating generally 2 - 8 young people

Important for young person’s experience:

  • Creating a familial environment
  • Responding to pain/pain-based behaviour
  • Developing a sense of normality
40
Q

Differentiate between “urgent protection” and “chronic need” in terms of child maltreatment

A

Urgent = severe injury, sexual abuse, or victims under the age of 4 are at high risk

Chronic = remaining concerns that are not urgent such as neglect, emotional maltreatment, and family violence

41
Q

What is the ethical dilemma between having an “individual” vs “structural” orientation for child-protection legislation

A

Legislation tends to take an individual approach where responsibility lies with parents to provide safe care

But many practitioners argue that a structural approaches to address systemic issues (ex. poverty) are more beneficial

42
Q

What are the 5 stages of child-welfare service procedures?

A
  1. Initial Response
    (info about child is collected)
  2. Investigation
    (conducting interview with person reporting the abuse)
  3. Substantiation
    (agencies establish how this decision occurs)
  4. Assessment report and Service Plan
    (if abuse is verified, law requires a plan to help child)
  5. Case Management
    (coordinating services and allocating professionals)
43
Q

What percentage of the population do Indigenous children make up? What percentage of Indigenous children are in foster care?

A

15% of population

40% in care

*More children in foster care today than at the peak of residential schools

44
Q

Why is there persistent over-representation of Indigenous families in investigations of child maltreatment?

A
  • Low income and poor housing conditions in Indigenous communities
  • Substance use and domestic violence
  • Historical practices (60s scoop & residential schools)
45
Q

Blackstock argues it’s important to differentiate between family risk and structural risk. What are examples of structural risks?

A
  • Housing
  • Substance use
  • Poverty
    (*leading structural risk associated with removal of ALL children, especially Indigenous children)
46
Q

The average child poverty rate for Indigenous children is ____% , in contrast to the average child poverty rate for all children in Canada, which is ____%

A

40% for Indigenous

17% for all children

47
Q

What is Jordan’s Principle?

A

It calls on government institutions to ensure that children’s needs are met first and jurisdictional disputes are resolved later

Named after Jordan River Anderson as he remained in the hospital for several years because the gov would not take responsibilities for funding his at home care

48
Q

What is Campaign 2000?

A

A public education movement to build awareness and support for a House of Commons resolution to child poverty

They recommend child tax benefits should be increased to $5600 for low-income families

SOWK201 Midterm (7 decks)

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