Chapter 5

Question 1

idea that image on the retina could be caused by any number of different objects

Answer 1

inverse projection problem

Question 2

condition in which object properties do not change when viewed from different angles

Answer 2

viewpoint invariance

Question 3

process by which small elements become perceptually grouped into larger objects

Answer 3

perceptual organization

Question 4

approach that proposes principles of perceptual organization and figure-ground segregation

Answer 4

Gestalt psychology

Question 5

rules that describe how elements in a scene become grouped together

Answer 5

principles of perceptual organization

Question 6

principles that states, points that, when connected, result in straight or smooth lines are seen as belonging together

Answer 6

principle of good continuation

Question 7

principle that states that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible

Answer 7

principle of pragnanz

Question 8

principle that states that similar things appear to be grouped together

Answer 8

principle of similarity

Question 9

principle that states that things that are near to each other appear to be grouped together

Answer 9

principle of proximity

Question 10

principle that states that things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together

Answer 10

principle of common fate

Question 11

principle that states that elements that are within the same region of space appear to be grouped together

Answer 11

principle of common region

Question 12

principle that states that connected regions of a visual stimulus are perceived as a single unit

Answer 12

principle of uniform connectedness

Question 13

perceptual separation of an object from its background

Answer 13

figure-ground segregation

Question 14

figure-ground pattern in which the figure becomes the ground and the ground becomes the figure

Answer 14

reversible figure-ground

Question 15

phenomenon in which stimulus perception persists about 250ms after the stimulus is terminated

Answer 15

persistence of vision

Question 16

pattern that decreases a person’s ability to perceive something

Answer 16

viewpoint masking stimulus

Question 17

information that may enable observers to rapidly perceive the gist of a scene

Answer 17

global image feature

Question 18

characteristic associated with the functions associated with different types of scenes

Answer 18

semantic regularity

Question 19

observer’s knowledge about what is contained in typical circumstances

Answer 19

scene schema

Question 20

idea that we perceive the object most likely to have caused the received stimuli pattern

Answer 20

likelihood principle

Question 21

idea that some of our perceptions are the result of assumptions we are not aware of

Answer 21

unconscious inference

Question 22

approach in which perception is determined by taking probabilities into account

Answer 22

Bayesian inference

Question 23

theory that describes how the brain uses past experiences to predict what we will perceive

Answer 23

predictive coding

Question 24

area of the brain that is active when a person views and object but not a texture

Answer 24

lateral occipital complex (LOC)

Question 25

area in the human inferotemporal cortex that contains neurons specialized to respond to faces

Answer 25

fusiform face area

Question 26

area in the temporal lobe that is activated by indoor and outdoor scenes

Answer 26

parahippocampal place area

Question 27

proposal that the parahippocampal cortex responds to the surface geometry of a scene

Answer 27

spatial layout hypothesis

Question 28

situation in which perception alternates back and forth between two images

Answer 28

binocular rivalry

Question 29

using a neural response to determine what a person is perceiving or thinking

Answer 29

neural mind reading

Question 30

explanation of human proficiency in perception by brain changes caused by long exposure, practice, or training

Answer 30

expertise hypothesis