Chapter 5

Question 1

Cardiac Arrest

Answer 1

Heart function and circulation stop.

Question 2

Choking

Answer 2

Complete blockage of airways requires immediate action.

A. Risk Factors
1. Diagnosis- stroke, swallowing difficulty
2. Medications
3. Mental status
- unconscious
- cognitive impairment: wandering, eating others food at inappropriate consistency

B. Prevention
1. Know at risk residents
2. Special diets/ thickened liquids
- soft/ mechanical soft/ puréed diets
- liquids consistency
— nectar thick- thicker than water
— honey thick- pours very slowly
— pudding thick- semi- solid

Question 3

Disorientation

Answer 3

Confused relative to time and/or place.

Question 4

Environment

Answer 4

Circumstances or conditions that surround an individual.
Ex:
- clutter
- slippery/wet floors or freshly waxed floors
- uneven surfaces
- poor lighting
- call light out of reach
- side rails

Question 5

Fainting

Answer 5

Sudden loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood supply to the brain.

Question 6

Fracture

Answer 6

Broken bone.

Question 7

Hemiplegia

Answer 7

Total paralysis of the arm, leg, or torso on ONE SIDE of the body.

Question 8

Hemorrhage

Answer 8

Excessive blood loss from a blood vessel.

Question 9

Paralysis

Answer 9

Loss or impairment of the ability to move a body part; usually as a result of damage to its nerve supply.

Question 10

Poisoning

Answer 10

To cause injury, illness, or death by chemical means.

Question 11

Risk Factor

Answer 11

Characteristic, condition, or behavior that increases the possible of injury.

Question 12

Scald

Answer 12

Burn by hot liquids in contact with skin.

A. Risk Factors
1. Diagnosis/conditions- stroke, paralysis, diabetes
2. Mental status/ cognitive impairment
3. Heating appliances/ equipment
4. Smoking
5. Hot liquids

B. Prevention
1. Know at risk residents
2. Check/ report use of heated appliances
3. Check water temperatures
4. Supervise when smoking, when indicated
5. Encourage smoking apron, cigarette extensions, etc. when indicated
6. Know locations of nearest fire extinguisher or fire blanket
7. Pour hot liquids away from residents
8. Mugs with lids/adaptive devices

Question 13

Seizure (Convulsions)

Answer 13

Sudden contractions of muscles due to a disturbance in brain activity.

Question 14

Shock

Answer 14

State of being when vital parts of the body do not get enough blood; brain, heart, or lungs.

Question 15

Accidents

Answer 15

Types:
1. Falls/fainting
2. Burns
3. Poisoning
4. Choking

Question 16

Falls

Answer 16

Consequences can range from minor bruises to fractures and life- threatening injuries
A. Risk Factors
1. Personal
- medications
- gait or balance problems
- diagnosis: paralysis, hemiplegia, weakness, disorientation
- fainting
- bowel/bladder status: urgency, incontinence
- improperly fitting shoes or clothing

B. Prevention
1. Knowing fall risk residents
2. Frequent toileting program
3. Respond to call lights ASAP
4. Use proper shoes and clothing
5. Keep environment clear of obstacles

C. Intervention
1. Don’t try to stop fall, ease off the floor gently, call for help and keep resident in same position until nurse is present