Chapter 3

Question 1

Airborne Precautions

Answer 1

for diseases that are transmitted through the air.

Question 2

Blood- borne Pathogens

Answer 2

Microorganisms in human blood that can cause infection and disease.

Question 3

Causative Agent

Answer 3

Pathogen that causes a disease.

Question 4

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 4

Federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve health.

Question 5

Body Fluids

Answer 5

Saliva, sputum( liquid from lungs), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, and pus or other wound drainage.

Question 6

Chain of Infection

Answer 6

Illustration to describe how a disease is transmitted from one source to another.

Question 7

Contact Precautions

Answer 7

Used when there is a risk for transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person.

Question 8

Direct Contact

Answer 8

Touching an infected person or his/her secretions.

Question 9

Disinfection

Answer 9

Chemicals used to decrease spread of pathogens by destroying them.

Question 10

Droplet Precautions

Answer 10

Used when the disease causing microorganism does not stay airborne and only travels a short distance.

Question 11

Hand Hygiene

Answer 11

Hand washing with soap and water or using a alcohol based hand rub.
5 Movements for Hand Hygiene- World Health Organization (WHO)
1. Before resident/patient contact
2. Before aseptic task
3. After exposure to blood/body fluids
4. After resident/patient contact
5. After contact with resident/patient surrounding
A. Visibly soiled with blood or body fluids
B. Exposure to potential pathogens
C. Spores C-Diff- requires hand washing

Question 12

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

Answer 12

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting; otherwise known as a Nosocomial Infection.

Question 13

Indirect Contact

Answer 13

Transmission of a disease without physical contact.
Ex:
- Touching common objects like doorknobs

Question 14

Infection Control

Answer 14

Methods to control and prevent the spread of tiny living things that are always present in the environment but not visible to the naked eye.

Question 15

Isolation

Answer 15

Measure to isolate potentially harmful microorganism and prevent spread to other residents.

Question 16

Localized Infection

Answer 16

Infection contained to specific body part, being LOCALized.

Question 17

Mode of Transportation

Answer 17

How pathogen travels from one person to another, can be airborne or spread through direct or indirect contact.

Question 18

Nosocomial Infection (HAI)

Answer 18

Infection acquired at a healthcare facility, also known as HAI.

Question 19

Pathogen

Answer 19

Harmful microorganism; causative agent.

Question 20

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Answer 20

Barriers between a person and a potentially harmful microorganism.
Ex:
- Gloves, gown, mask

Question 21

Portal of Entry

Answer 21

The way pathogens enter the body.
Ex:
- Mouth, anus, eyes, nose, urinary tract

Question 22

Portal of Exit

Answer 22

The ways a pathogen leaves the body.
Ex:
- Urine, feces, saliva, tears, drainage, sores, blood, excretion

Question 23

Reservoir

Answer 23

Where pathogens live and multiply.

Question 24

Standard Precaution

Answer 24

Treating all blood, body fluids, non- intact skin and mucous membranes as if they are infected.
1. Hand hygiene
2. Personal Protective Equipment
3. Disposal of Contaminated Equipment/Supplies

Question 25

Sterilization

Answer 25

Destroys ALL microorganisms( not just pathogens).

Question 26

Susceptible Host

Answer 26

Person who is most likely to get infected.

Question 27

Systemic Infection

Answer 27

Occurs when pathogens enter one’s bloodstream and move throughout the body causing GENERAL symptoms.

Question 28

Transmission Based Precautions

Answer 28

Special precautions implemented on the basis of how the disease is spread.
1. Airborne Precautions
2. Droplet Precautions
3. Contact Precautions