chapter 5

Question 1

Superbugs

Answer 1

Anti-biotic resistant baceria that are evoloving to be more resistant to treatment

Question 2

Lamaracks theory

Answer 2

About how species change overtime. Organisms have a force or desire to lead them to change for the better. - to adapt better to their environment. Through change and disguise.

Question 3

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 3

Changes you make to your body does not alter DNA and cannot be passed down

Question 4

Giraffes

Answer 4

There was variation of long and short necks, long necks had an advantage since they could reach more leaves, over time this trait was inherited by generations

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

Credited for creating the standard understanding of evolution and theory by natural selection. Observations and inferenes

Question 6

Observations

Answer 6

There is variation in species
Every generation produces more offspring than can survive
Population tends to remain stable in size

Question 7

Inferences

Answer 7

Individuals within the same species are in a constant struggle for survival
Individuals with more desireable traits are more likely to survive, in its environment through survival of the fittest and natural selection
Because the individuals with these traits survive, more of these traits will be inherited and be more apparent in future generations

Question 8

Why is Variation needed

Answer 8

So that traits can be accepted over others. arise from mutations

Question 9

Mutations

Answer 9

Are random, and unpredictable in Dna and can be positive negative of neither. Can be caused by random mistakes in cell division, or by environmental cues ie. UV rays, chemicals

Question 10

Speciation

Answer 10

Creation of new specie from an original one

Question 11

Alllopatric Speciation

Answer 11

Where two species from the same species diverge into new species physicallycause by the separation, leading each having to adapt to the new environment

Question 12

Adaptive radiation (move out from)

Answer 12

Where differnt species arise from one species example Darwin noticed that at the Galapogos different finches had different beaks for their different neess

Question 13

Gradualism

Answer 13

This states that evolution happens steadily overtime. They change gradually overtime, shown in fossils

Question 14

Punctuated equillibrium

Answer 14

Species go long periods of time without any changes when when everything is stable, then eventually something occurs in the environment that they must adapt to

Question 15

Geological timescale

Answer 15

Supports the theory of evolution of how things occurred for everything to end up like the way it is

Question 16

Majour extinction events

Answer 16

There have been several majour extinction events that decrease diversity fast, most known was the astroid hitting earth during the mesozoeic era, which killed 90 percent of marine life and others.

Question 17

Evolution

Answer 17

gradual change in species over time as they adapt to their environment

Question 18

Do species evolve

Answer 18

Yes, individual dont

Question 19

Pepper moth

Answer 19

Before the industrial evolution, white pepper moths were better camofloudged. After, the habitat darkened, so the black moth had an advantage over the white moth

Question 20

Keys of the moth

Answer 20

Variation, difference in survivability, they are able to reproduce and pass down the desirable traits

Question 22

Fossils

Answer 22

The direct evidence that displays how organisms change overtime

Question 23

Radiometric dating

Answer 23

One way of determining how old a fossil is.Raadiometric elements break down overtime at a predictable rate and by measuring how of an element is left in a fossil we can determine its age.

Question 24

Half life

Answer 24

How long in years it takes for a radioactive thing to decay

Question 25

Biogeography

Answer 25

Distribution of life on earth

Question 26

Biochemistry

Answer 26

DNA is the blueprint of an organism. Similarities in DNA and proteins indicate that two organisms are related and have a common ancestor. E.g humans and primates. Our Dna is less similar to less related animals

Question 27

Embryology

Answer 27

Study of embryological developement. Related organism show similar growth in the embryo

Question 28

Artificial Selelction

Answer 28

Where humans modify DNA of an organism to get the desireable traits we want. This can happen over a short period of time

Question 29

Anatomy

Answer 29

Homologeous structures tjat have similar origins and structures but might have different functions as adapted over time…….

Question 30

Analogeous structures

Answer 30

Structures that have similar appearance and function but different origins. Convergent evolution E.g. bugs and birds

Question 31

Vestigial structures

Answer 31

Structures that no longer have a useful purpose.

Question 32

Taxonomy and Phylogeny

Answer 32

Taxonomy is the classification of living things, while phylogeny is the science of classifying them based on how closely related they are

Question 33

Phylogenic tree

Answer 33

a family tree that shows how similar organisms are

Question 34

Levels of classification

Answer 34

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species, (DId King Phylip Come Over for Good Spaghetti.

Question 35

Five Kingdom System

Answer 35

Plantae, Protista, Animalia, Monera and Fungi. By Robert W Mukonn 1969

Question 36

Six Kingdom Classification System

Answer 36

Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Eubacteria (, Archeabacteria ), Created by Carl Woose in 1970

Question 37

Three domains of life

Answer 37

Eukarya: From eukyotes cells that have nuclei and organelles All multicellular organisms and protists, Archea bacteria (prokaryotes) no nuclei or or organelles , and Eubacteria, also all prokayotes, tend to live in extreme environments extremophiels

Question 38

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 38

Genus and Species