Chapter 5😃 Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element
State the characteristics of an ELECTRON (symbol,electric charge, relative mass , place in the atom).
Symbol: e
Electric charge: 1-
Relative Mass: 1
location: revolving around the nucleus is “shells”
State the characteristics of a PROTON (symbol,electric charge, relative mass , place in the atom).
Symbol: P
Electric Charge: 1+
Relative mass: 1836
Location: Nucleus
State the characteristics of a NEUTRON (symbol,electric charge, relative mass , place in the atom).
Symbol: n
Electric Charge: 0
Relative mass: 1836
Location: Nucleus
What are the 3 Classifications Of elements
Metal, Non-Metal, Mettaloid.
What are properties of metals
Shiny
Silver or grey
Conduct heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile
All solid at room temperature except for Mercury (liquid)
React with acid
i.e. Silver, Gold, Sodium
What are properties of Non-Metals
Dull
Colourful
Don’t conduct heat or electricity
Brittle
5 Solids, 11 gases, and 1 liquid (Bromine)
i.e. Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorous
What are properties of metalloids.
Semi-conductors
While they are often shiny and grey, unlike metals they are often brittle
All solid at room temperature
i.e. Silicon
How many valence electrons are in the first family of the periodic table
1
How many valence electrons are in the second family of the periodic table
2
How many valence electrons are in the 17th family of the periodic table
7
How many valence electrons are in the 18th family of the periodic table
8
How many shells are in the first period of the periodic table
1
How many shells are in the second period of the periodic table
2
How many shells are in the
Third period of the periodic table
3
What are the 4 MAIN CHEMICAL FAMLlES?
alkali metals, alkaline eath metals halogens, and nobel gasses.
What are the properties of alkali metals?
Family: 1
Silver-Grey, malleable, ductile, conduct
Low melting point (below 170oC)
Soft enough to cut with a knife
Highly reactive in air and water
As you move from top to bottom the elements get denser, melting point lowers, they get softer, and reactivity increases.
What are the properties of alkaline earth metals?
Family: 2
they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure.
What are the properties of Halogens?
Family: 17
Have a noticeable colour
Are a gas at room temperature or form one with very little heating
Most reactive non-metals
As you move from top to bottom, colour intensity and melting point increase, and reactivity decreases
What are the properties of Nobel Gasses?
Family: 18
Colourless gases but will glow with bright colours if a current is passed through them
Unreactive
Density increases as you move down the column
What was daltons model called and what did he discover?
Name: billard ball Model
Discovery:
Atoms were tiny spheres with different properties (i.e. vary in size, mass, colour)
Four points in his “Atomic Theory of Matter”
All matter is made of small, indivisible particles called atoms
All the atoms of an element are identical in properties such as size and mass
Atoms of different elements have different properties
Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form new substances
What was Rutherfords model called and how did it work?
Name: gold foil experiment
How it worked:
Rutherford Fired positively charged alpha particles at a thin gold foil
Most particles went right through the gold, but some were deflected or even bounced back
what did ruther ford conclude from his experiment?
The gold foil experiment showed that atoms are mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positive core that makes up most of the mass (Rutherford named this the nucleus)
It also showed that there is an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus that has a very large volume but almost no mass
