Chapter 5 Flashcards
Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
The afferent fibres running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.
Biological rhythms
Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.
Dissociation
A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.
Hallucinogens
A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience. LSD, mescaline, psilocybin.
Hypnosis
A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.
ROLE-PLAYING - people act the way they think hypnotized people are supposed to.
ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS - watch brain activity.
Latent content
According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream.
Lucid dreams `
Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream.
Manifest content `
According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level.`
MDMA
A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline; commonly called “ecstasy.”`
Meditation
A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way.
Narcotics (opiates)
Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. Morphine, heroin
Night terrors
Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic.
Nightmares
Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.
Non-REM (NREM) sleep
Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity. dreams are not story-like and less vivid.
Physical dependence
The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness.
Psychoactive drugs
Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioural functioning.
Psychological dependence
The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug.
REM sleep
A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming.
Sedatives
Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioural activity. barbiturates (seconal) nonbarbituates (quaadlude)
Slow-wave sleep (SWS)
Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.
Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
Arising and wandering about while remaining asleep.
Stimulants
Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioural activity. amphetamines, cocaine.
Tolerance
A progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug.
nominal fallacy
naming something with explaining it. “Frank drinks too much because he is an alcoholic”. The term ‘alcoholic’ is a summary label.
SLEEP WAVES
beta - awake
alpha - meditation, drowsy
theta - stage 1 sleep, stage 2 (sleep spindles)
delta - slow-wave sleep stages 3 & 4
REM - low voltage, high frequency (resemble beta)
EFFECTS of ABUSED DRUGS
indirect - physical health effects due to impact on attitudes, behaviour, and intentions
direct - drugs causing tissue damage directly
REWARD pathway - all abused drugs eventually increase activity in mesolimbic dopamine pathway, increased dopamine release.
