Chapter 5

Question 1

Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

Answer 1

The afferent fibres running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.

Question 2

Biological rhythms

Answer 2

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.

Question 3

Dissociation

Answer 3

A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.

Question 4

Hallucinogens

Answer 4

A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience. LSD, mescaline, psilocybin.

Question 5

Hypnosis

Answer 5

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.
ROLE-PLAYING - people act the way they think hypnotized people are supposed to.
ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS - watch brain activity.

Question 6

Latent content

Answer 6

According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream.

Question 7

Lucid dreams `

Answer 7

Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream.

Question 8

Manifest content `

Answer 8

According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level.`

Question 9

MDMA

Answer 9

A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline; commonly called “ecstasy.”`

Question 10

Meditation

Answer 10

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way.

Question 11

Narcotics (opiates)

Answer 11

Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. Morphine, heroin

Question 12

Night terrors

Answer 12

Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic.

Question 13

Nightmares

Answer 13

Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.

Question 14

Non-REM (NREM) sleep

Answer 14

Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity. dreams are not story-like and less vivid.

Question 15

Physical dependence

Answer 15

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness.

Question 16

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 16

Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioural functioning.

Question 17

Psychological dependence

Answer 17

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug.

Question 18

REM sleep

Answer 18

A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming.

Question 19

Sedatives

Answer 19

Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioural activity. barbiturates (seconal) nonbarbituates (quaadlude)

Question 20

Slow-wave sleep (SWS)

Answer 20

Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.

Question 21

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 21

Arising and wandering about while remaining asleep.

Question 22

Stimulants

Answer 22

Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioural activity. amphetamines, cocaine.

Question 23

Tolerance

Answer 23

A progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug.

Question 24

nominal fallacy

Answer 24

naming something with explaining it. “Frank drinks too much because he is an alcoholic”. The term ‘alcoholic’ is a summary label.

Question 25

SLEEP WAVES

Answer 25

beta - awake
alpha - meditation, drowsy
theta - stage 1 sleep, stage 2 (sleep spindles)
delta - slow-wave sleep stages 3 & 4
REM - low voltage, high frequency (resemble beta)

Question 26

EFFECTS of ABUSED DRUGS

Answer 26

indirect - physical health effects due to impact on attitudes, behaviour, and intentions
direct - drugs causing tissue damage directly
REWARD pathway - all abused drugs eventually increase activity in mesolimbic dopamine pathway, increased dopamine release.