Chapter 5 Flashcards
The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?
a. Incidence
b. Prevalence
c. Ratio
d. Risk
b. Prevalence
The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?
a. Attributable
b. Contingency
c. Causal
d. Relative
D. Relative
Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:
a. Chromosomal testing
b. Direct observation
c. Liability thresholds
d. Relative risks
b. Direct observation
What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
a. Diet high in saturated fats
b. Increased production of cholesterol by the liver
c. Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell
surfaces
d. Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood
c. Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell
surfaces
Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?
a. Sodium intake
b. Physical inactivity
c. Psychosocial stress
d. Obesity
d. Obesity
What percentage of all cases of breast cancer are identified as an autosomal dominant form?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
a. 5
When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of developing breast cancer is how many times greater?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 6
d. 10
a. 2
Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?
a. Twofold
b. Threefold
c. Fourfold
d. Tenfold
c. Fourfold
Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by affecting what?
a. Regulation of appetite
b. Metabolizing of fat
c. Absorption of fat
d. Altering the sense of satiety
a. Regulation of appetite
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?
a. Ovarian
b. Lung
c. Uterine
d. Pancreatic
a. Ovarian
Blood pressure variations are associated with:
a. ß1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate
b. The release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that increases water reabsorption
c. The renin-angiotensin system’s effect on vasoconstriction
d. Serum bradykinin, causing vasodilation
c. The renin-angiotensin system’s effect on vasoconstriction
The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:
a. Autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen associations
b. Autoantibodies and obesity
c. Obesity and positive family history
d. HLA associations and positive family history
c. Obesity and positive family history
A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:
a. Partial insulin secretion
b. An autoimmune cause factor
c. Insulin resistance
d. Obesity as a common risk factor
b. An autoimmune cause factor
Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:
a. Reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces
b. Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells
c. Obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas
d. Stimulating the liver to increase glucose production
b. Increasing the resistance to insulin by cells
Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?
a. Polygenic
b. Multifocal
c. Modifiable
d. Involuntary
a. Polygenic
