Chapter 5

Question 1

Salient Identity Characteristics

Answer 1

Salient= important– traits vs roles

• traits= age, sex, height, hair color, eye color
• roles= student, daughter, girlfriend, friend, sibling, roommate

Question 2

individualized identity

Answer 2

the sense of self as independent and self-reliant

Question 3

familial identity

Answer 3

the sense of self as always connected to family and others

Question 4

spiritual identity

Answer 4

identification with feelings of connectedness to others and higher meaning in life

Question 5

gender identity

Answer 5

the identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a woman

Question 6

sexual identity

Answer 6

one’s identification with various categories of sexuality

Question 7

age identity

Answer 7

the identification with the cultural conventions of how we should act, look, and behave according to our age

Question 8

Social science perspective on identity and communication

Answer 8

• identity created by self

* emphasizes individualized, familial, and spiritual self

Question 9

Interpretive perspective on identity and communication

Answer 9

• identity formed through communication with others

* Emphasizes avowal and ascribed dimensions

Question 10

Critical perspectives on identity and communication

Answer 10

• identity shaped through social, historical forces

* emphasizes contexts and resisting ascribed identity

Question 11

identity negotiation theory

Answer 11

a theory that emphasizes the process of communicating one’s own desired identities while reinforcing or resisting others’ identities as the core of intercultural communication

Question 12

avowal

Answer 12

the process by which an individual portrays himself or herself

Question 13

ascription

Answer 13

the process by which others attribute identities to an individual

Question 14

minority identity development

Answer 14

1) unexamined identity
* **lack of exploration
* **Acceptance of majority group values
* **Positive attitudes toward the majority group
* **Lack of interest in issues of ethnicity
2) conformity
* **internalization of dominant group norms; desire for assimilation into this group
* ** negative attitudes toward themselves and their groups until an experience causes them to question the dominant culture attitudes
3) resistance and separatism
* **growing awareness that not all dominant values are beneficial to minorities
* **often triggered by negative events
* **blanket endorsement of one’s group’s values and attitudes
* **rejection of dominant group values and norms
4) integration
* **ideal outcomes of identity development– achieved identity
* **strong sense of their own group identity and an appreciation for other cultural groups

Question 15

global nomads/ third culture kids

Answer 15

people who grow up in many different cultural contexts because their parents relocated

Question 16

cultural brokers

Answer 16

individuals who act as bridges between cultures, facilitating cross-cultural interaction and conflict (often multicultural individuals)

Question 17

stereotypes/prejudice

Answer 17

widely held beliefs about a group of people