Chapter 5 Flashcards
Definitions (Fear vs. Anxiety)
Fear - CNS physiological and emotional response to a serious threat
Anxiety - Similar response, but there is not a serious threat; it is vague sense of threat or danger
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Summary: GAD is expressed by excessive anxiety and worry about a wide range of events. The sociocultural view believes that societal danger, economic stress, or related racial and cultural pressures may make people more likely to develop GAD.
Psychodynamic: GAD may develop when anxiety is excessive and defense mechanisms break down and function poorly. They use free association, interpretation, and other psychodynamic techniques as treatment.
Humanistic: GAD develops when people don’t receive unconditional positive regard from significant others during childhood. Client-centered therapy is treatment.
Cognitive-Behavioral: GAD is caused by maladaptive assumptions and inaccurate beliefs about power and value of worrying. They try to change those maladaptive assumptions.
Biological: GAD results from a hyperactive fear circuit. Uses drug therapy
Panic Disorder
Summary: panic attacks are discrete bouts of panic that occur suddenly. people w/ panic disorder experience attacks regularly w/o apparent reason.
Biological: caused by overactive panic circuit. They use antidepressant drugs or benzodiazepines to treat people w/ this disorder.
Cognitive-Behavioral: suggest that panic-prone people become preoccupied w/ some of their bodily sensations, misinterpret them as signs of medical catastrophe and have a panic attack. They treat this by teaching clients to interpret their bodily sensations more accurately and better cope w/ anxiety.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Summary: people w/ social anxiety disorder experience severe and persistent anxiety about social or performance situations in which they may get embarrassed.
Cognitive-Behavioral: believe that disorder is particularly likely to develop among people who hold certain dysfunctional social beliefs and expectations. They then use avoidance and safety behaviors. Treatment usually distinguishes social fears and poor social skills. They can either use drug therapy, exposure techniques, or social skills training.
Phobias
Summary: severe, persistent, and unreasonable fear of a particular thing. There can be specific phobias or agoraphobia.
Cognitive-Behavioral: believe phobias are often learned from the environment via classical conditioning or modeling and maintained by avoidance theory. The must successful therapy has been exposure therapy (either desensitization, flooding, or modeling).
Obsessive-Compulsion Disorder
Obsession: persisting thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive, and causes anxiety (the feeling)
Compulsion: A repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety. (getting rid of it / response)
Summary: A person either has an obsession, a compulsion, or both.
Psychodynamic: arises out of battle between id impulses and ego defense mechanisms.
Cognitive-Behavioral: believe disorder grows from a normal human tendency to have unwanted and unpleasant thoughts. Treatment is helping them correct misinterpretations of the unwanted thoughts. This could be through exposure and response prevention
Biological: tied obsessive compulsive disorder to a hyperactive brain circuit. Antidepressant drugs that raise serotonin are common prescriptions.
Side disorders are hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder), excoriation disorder (skin picking disorder), and body dysmorphic disorder.
