Chapter 5

Question 1

Status

Answer 1

Recognized social position that a person occupies

Question 2

Status set

Answer 2

Collection of statuses people have over a lifetime
(Daughter, mother)

Question 3

Achieved status

Answer 3

Status you entered into some stage of your life, you weren’t born into
(Academic standing)

Question 4

Ascribed status

Answer 4

A status one was born into
(Daughter, son, teen)

Question 5

Social mobility

Answer 5

Determined the degree which your status is achieved or ascribed

Question 6

Sexual orientation and status: a problem area

Answer 6

Sexual Orientaion is much more complicated than being seen as either an archived or ascribed status.
- it has to do with the way one’s own sexuality is recognized by others

Question 7

Master status

Answer 7

Everett Hughes introduced this concept. Master status signifies the status that dominates all of an individual’s other statuses in most social contexts, plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual identity (race, gender, etc) (white women calls cops on black men)

Question 8

Status consistency

Answer 8

The condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy
(Male, white, British) (Kieran if he was British)

Question 9

Status inconsistency

Answer 9

Occurs when a person holds statuses that are ranked differently and do not align
The result of marginalization (Aydin)

Question 10

Role

Answer 10

A set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status

Question 11

Role set

Answer 11

According to Robert Merton, refers to all the roles that are attached to a particular status
(professors play the role of teacher, colleague, employees)

Question 12

Role strain

Answer 12

conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status
(Student catches classmate cheating)

Question 13

Role conflict

Answer 13

person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from two or more statues they hold
(Demands of a mother being a student)

Question 14

Role exit

Answer 14

Established by Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh) Process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity and attempting to establish a new role

Question 15

William l. Thomas

Answer 15

Symbolic interactionist who coined the concept definition of the situation

Question 16

Thomas theorem

Answer 16

Interpretations and definitions produce reality

Question 17

Social organization

Answer 17

The social cultural principles around which people and things are structured, ordered, and categorized

Question 18

Egalitarianism

Answer 18

A social organization based on the equality of members; or on principle of hierarchy

Question 19

Organizational structure

Answer 19

Comprised of the organizing principles that are upheld by shared cultural beliefs and maintained through a network of social relations

Question 20

Organizational theory and organizational behaviour

Answer 20

Result of studies shifting focuses from examination of social institutions to examining business cooperations

Question 21

Critical management studies

Answer 21

Critiques of traditional theories of management led to this

Question 22

Formal social movement organizations

Answer 22

Professionalized, bureaucratic, inclusive, with few demands, made on members (women’s rights groups)

Question 23

Small groups or collectives

Answer 23

Organized informally, require time, loyalty and material resources from its members (women’s publishing houses)

Question 24

Service-provider organizations

Answer 24

Combine elements of both formal and small group organizations (domestic violence shelters)

Question 25

Bureaucracy

Answer 25

Max Weber extensive work on this.
led to formal rationalization:
1. Efficacy
2. Quantification
3. Predictability
4. Control

Question 26

Substantive rationalization

Answer 26

Focuses on values and ethics

Question 27

Formal rationalization

Answer 27

Leads to disenchantment and alienation

Question 28

Evolution of formal rationalization

Answer 28

Began during Industrial Revolution
Frederick W. Taylor developed practice of scientific management - based on time and motion

Question 29

George Ritzer

Answer 29

Coined McDonaldization - rationalizing fast food
Ritzer applied the four fundamental elements of Weber’s formal rationalization:
1. Efficacy - streamline movement in time and effort of people through small repeated tasks
2. Quantification - success is measured by quantity
3. Predictability - “uniformity of rules”
4. Control: hierarchal division of labour and supervision