Chapter 5 Flashcards
Status
Recognized social position that a person occupies
Status set
Collection of statuses people have over a lifetime
(Daughter, mother)
Achieved status
Status you entered into some stage of your life, you weren’t born into
(Academic standing)
Ascribed status
A status one was born into
(Daughter, son, teen)
Social mobility
Determined the degree which your status is achieved or ascribed
Sexual orientation and status: a problem area
Sexual Orientaion is much more complicated than being seen as either an archived or ascribed status.
- it has to do with the way one’s own sexuality is recognized by others
Master status
Everett Hughes introduced this concept. Master status signifies the status that dominates all of an individual’s other statuses in most social contexts, plays the greatest role in the formation of the individual identity (race, gender, etc) (white women calls cops on black men)
Status consistency
The condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range in the social hierarchy
(Male, white, British) (Kieran if he was British)
Status inconsistency
Occurs when a person holds statuses that are ranked differently and do not align
The result of marginalization (Aydin)
Role
A set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status
Role set
According to Robert Merton, refers to all the roles that are attached to a particular status
(professors play the role of teacher, colleague, employees)
Role strain
conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status
(Student catches classmate cheating)
Role conflict
person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from two or more statues they hold
(Demands of a mother being a student)
Role exit
Established by Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh) Process of disengaging from a role that has been central to one’s identity and attempting to establish a new role
William l. Thomas
Symbolic interactionist who coined the concept definition of the situation
Thomas theorem
Interpretations and definitions produce reality
Social organization
The social cultural principles around which people and things are structured, ordered, and categorized
Egalitarianism
A social organization based on the equality of members; or on principle of hierarchy
Organizational structure
Comprised of the organizing principles that are upheld by shared cultural beliefs and maintained through a network of social relations
Organizational theory and organizational behaviour
Result of studies shifting focuses from examination of social institutions to examining business cooperations
Critical management studies
Critiques of traditional theories of management led to this
Formal social movement organizations
Professionalized, bureaucratic, inclusive, with few demands, made on members (women’s rights groups)
Small groups or collectives
Organized informally, require time, loyalty and material resources from its members (women’s publishing houses)
Service-provider organizations
Combine elements of both formal and small group organizations (domestic violence shelters)
Bureaucracy
Max Weber extensive work on this.
led to formal rationalization:
1. Efficacy
2. Quantification
3. Predictability
4. Control
Substantive rationalization
Focuses on values and ethics
Formal rationalization
Leads to disenchantment and alienation
Evolution of formal rationalization
Began during Industrial Revolution
Frederick W. Taylor developed practice of scientific management - based on time and motion
George Ritzer
Coined McDonaldization - rationalizing fast food
Ritzer applied the four fundamental elements of Weber’s formal rationalization:
1. Efficacy - streamline movement in time and effort of people through small repeated tasks
2. Quantification - success is measured by quantity
3. Predictability - “uniformity of rules”
4. Control: hierarchal division of labour and supervision
