Chapter 1

Question 1

What is sociology?

Answer 1

The social science that studies the development, structure, and functioning of human society

Question 2

Who coined the term sociological imagination?

Answer 2

C. Wright Mills

Question 3

Sociological imagination

Answer 3

Capacity to shift from one perspective to another - from political to psychological
Allows us to understand individual’s circumstances as shared by social forces

Question 4

Ibn Khaldûn

Answer 4

First person to carry out systematic study of sociology subjects

Question 5

Ibn Khaldûn book

Answer 5

An introduction to history - developed systematic approach to studying various types of societies and their histories, cultures, economies

Question 6

Development of sociology in Europe

Answer 6

Developed in response to social changes:
- industrialization
- urbanization
- population increases
- revolution

Question 7

Max Weber: founder of modern sociology

Answer 7

Identified set values embodied in early Protestantism. He called this the Protestant work ethic

Question 8

Sociologists out of the Chicago school

Answer 8

1. Robert park
2. Ernest burgess
3. Everett C. Hughes
4. George Herbert mead
5. Edwin Sutherland
6. Jane Addams

Question 9

Robert park

Answer 9

Urban sociologist who was a founding member of the Chicago school of sociology

Question 10

Everett C Hughes

Answer 10

Chicago school sociologist who studied the ethnic division labour in Quebec

Question 11

George Herbert mead

Answer 11

Father of “symbolic interactionism” who looked how the self is constructed through personal exchanges with others

Question 12

Edwin Sutherland

Answer 12

Criminal sociologist and symbolic interactionist who introduced the idea of white-collar crime

Question 13

Jane Addams

Answer 13

Social worker/activist, sociologist, and intellectual who established america’s first settlement house, in Chicago

Question 14

Carl Addington Dawson

Answer 14

First professional, institutionalized sociologist in Canada
Reflected two element of of early Canadian sociology:
1. Social gospel movement
2. Hands-on social work

Question 15

Vertical mosaic

Answer 15

Analysis of social class and power in Canada, coined by john porter

Question 16

John porter

Answer 16

Examined relationship between social class and ethnicity

Question 17

Three early women sociologists and the writing of gender in Canada

Answer 17

1. Annie Marion Maclean
2. Aileen Ross
3. Helen C. Abel

Question 18

Annie Maclean

Answer 18

First Canadian women to obtain PhD in sociology

Question 19

Aileen Ross

Answer 19

First women hired as sociologist at Canadian university

Question 20

Helen C. Abel

Answer 20

Founder of rural sociology in Canada

Question 21

Sociology by approach

Answer 21

1. Structural functionalism
2. Conflict theory
3. Symbolic interactionism
4. Feminist theory
5. Postmodern theory

Question 22

Macrosociolgy

Answer 22

Focuses on the big picture of society and institutions
Ex.
- Structural functionalism
- Conflict theory
- Feminist theory
- Postmodern theory

Question 23

Microsociology

Answer 23

Focuses on the plans, motivations, and actions of individuals and smaller groups
Ex
- Symbolic interactionism

Question 24

Structural functionalism

Answer 24

Uses organic or biological analogy for society
1. Durkheim
2. Merton
3. Parsons

Question 25

Émile Durkheim

Answer 25

Coined social fact - patterned way of acting, thinking, feeling Anomie - societal state of breakdown or confusion/ lack of connection with society

Question 26

Robert Merton

Answer 26

1. Manifest functions - intended and readily recognized 2. Latent functions - unintended and unrecognized 3. Latent dysfunctions - unintended and produce socially negative consequences

Question 27

Conflict theory

Answer 27

Based on 4 C’s 1. Conflict 2. Class 3. Contestation 4. Change

Question 28

Karl Marx

Answer 28

Society is a hierarchy and positions are determined by the groups role in wealth Marx saw conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist) and proletariat (workers) which would initiate egalitarian (classless) society

Question 29

Symbolic interactionism figures

Answer 29

1. George Herbert mead 2. Herbert blumer 3. Erving goffman

Question 30

Herbert blumer

Answer 30

Coined the term symbolic interactionism - individuals and groups create and maintain social systems through interaction

Question 31

Erving Goffman

Answer 31

Coined the term total institution - (prisons, boarding schools, concentration camps) which seek to regulate, control, manipulate residents

Question 32

Dorothy smith

Answer 32

Developed standpoint theory out of her own discrimination- standpoint theory challenges objective analysis

Question 33

Feminist waves

Answer 33

First wave: campaign for civil and political rights Second wave: focus on public and private rights Third wave: inclusion of LGBTI and radicalized individuals Forth wave: empowerment of women Fifth wave: ???

Question 34

Postmodern theory

Answer 34

Seeks to include a diversity of voices, especially those that are drowned out by dominant groups

Question 35

Michel Foucault

Answer 35

1. Discourses - distinct ways of speaking about some element of reality 2. Totalitarian - describes set of beliefs or ideas that dominates all others 3. Totalitarian discourse - refers to any universal claim about how knowledge or understanding is achieved

Question 36

Sociology by audience

Answer 36

1. Professional sociology 2. Critical sociology 3. Policy sociology 4. Public sociology

Question 37

Professional sociology

Answer 37

Research designed to generate highly specific information, applying to particular problem or intellectual question

Question 38

Critical sociology

Answer 38

Considered by Michael Burawoy to be the “conscience of professional sociology Aims to make professional sociologists do not become lost in esoteric debates that they lose sight of goals of sociological inquiry

Question 39

Policy sociology

Answer 39

Generates sociological data used in the development of social policies three main areas: education, health, social welfare

Question 40

Public sociology

Answer 40

make sociology accessible to public through jargon free language