Chapter 5 Flashcards
Immature plantlet
Embryo
When a seed germinates the tiny root like “ “ A part of the embryo that grows out and develops into the first root
Radicle
The radical may develop into a thick tapered “ “ from which thinner blank arise, or many blank may arise from the stem which is attached to the radicle and continues with it
Taproot, branch roots, adventitious roots
Those that do not develop from another route but develop instead from a stem or lease
Adventitious roots
May have large numbers of fine roots of similar diameter, then develops from the adventitious roots
Fibrous root system
Greatly increase the total surface of the route
Root hairs
Many plants, such as peas and carrots, whose seeds have two seed leaves have taproot systems with one, or occasionally more, primary routes from which secondary roots develop.
Dicots
Corn and rice, who seeds have one seed leaf, have a fibrous root systems
Monocotyledonous plants
Composed of thimble shaped mass of parenchyma cells covering the tip of each route. Large and obvious and some plants while in others nearly invisible.
Protects from damage the delicate tissues behind it as the younger root tip pushes through often angular and abrasive style particles.
Root cap
Plastids containing starch grains
Amyloplasts
Cells in the blank which is composed of an apical meristem in the center of the root tip, produce the surrounding root cap
Region of cell division
Gives rise to an outer layer of cells, the epidermis
Protoderm
To the inside of the Protoderm produces Parenchyma of the cortex
Ground meristem
Appears as a solid cylinder in the center of the route produces primary xylem and primary Phloem
Procambium
Tissue that originates from the ground meristem, is generally present in stems but is also absent in most dicot roots.
Pith
Most of the cells mature, or differentiate, into the various distinctive cell types of the primary tissues in this region, which is sometimes called the
Region of differentiation or root hair zone
Absorb water and minerals, if you hear tightly to soil particles with the aid of microscopic fibers they produce and greatly increase the total absorptive surface of the root
Root hairs
The cells of this tissue composed of Parenchyma cells lying between the epidermis and inner tissues, mostly store food.
Cortex
Consists of single layered cylinder of compactly arranged cells whose walls are impregnated with lignin and suberin
Endodermis
Bands that can be found on the radical and transverse cell walls
Perpendicular to the roots surface
Casparian strips
A core of tissues that lies to the inside of the endodermis.
Vascular cylinder
A second cambium. Normally arises in the pericycle outside of the vascular cambium and gives rise to court tissue
Cork cambium
Growth that stops after an organ such as a flower or leave is fully expanded or after a plant has reached a certain size
Determinate growth
Occurs in trees and other perennials where new tissues are added indefinitely, season after season
Indeterminate growth
Many plants produce buds appearing in places other than stems along the routes that grow near the surface of the ground
Adventitious buds
Special spongy roots, which extend above the water surface and enhance gas exchange between the atmosphere and the surface routes to which they are connected.
Pneumatophores
Dependent on chlorophyll bearing plants for their nutrition, they parasitize their host plants via peg like projections which do you Valeport along the stem in contact with the host
Haustoria
Organisms that lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients from organic matter
Saprophyte
They grow on other plants and obtain moisture and nutrients from the air and rain.
Epiphytes
Popcorn like nodules contain bacteria that converts nitrogen from the air into forms that can be used by the plant
Root nodules
A suspension of particles that are larger than molecules but that do not settle out of a fluid medium
Colloid
The use of plants to facilitate the removal of toxic compounds from ground water and soil
Phytoremediation
Metal binding polypeptides that sequester and detoxify heavy metals in plant tissue
Phytochelatins
The arrangement of the soil particles into groups called aggregates
Soil structure
Physically bound to the soil particles and is unavailable to plants
Hygroscopic water
Dreams out of the pore spaces after a rain. If drainage is poor it is this water that interferes with normal plant growth.
Gravitational water
Plants are mainly dependent on this type which is water held against the force of gravity, in pores of the soil.
Capillary water
The water remaining after rain or irrigation when water in the soil drains away by gravity is referred to as this
Field capacity of the soil
