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Psychology Test 2 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Learning

A

relatively permanent change in behavior or mental process which results from experience rather than from maturation

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2
Q

learning requires what?

A

change in the way an organism behaves

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3
Q

What happens in the brain when learning occurs?

A

physically changed to record what has been learned

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4
Q

Define habituation

A

tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information

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5
Q

Define Mere Exposure effect

A

where you develop a preference for something just from being exposed to it more

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6
Q

Define behavioral learning

A

teaching someone a certain behavior that has to be learned

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7
Q

Define stimulus

A

sensory event that brings about a response

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8
Q

Define response

A

behavior that occurs because it was triggered by a stimulus

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9
Q

Define unconditioned response

A

a response that does not have to be learned

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10
Q

define conditioned response

A

response that comes from experience

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11
Q

Study classical conditioning chart

A

Great!!

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12
Q

Define conditional emotional response (CER)

A

bring about physical change

involuntary

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13
Q

Define generalization

A

scared of something for some reason, but you are also scared of stuff that looks similar.

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14
Q

Little Albert experiment demonstrates what?

A

Generalization

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15
Q

Define discrimination

A

Only respond to something specific

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16
Q

Define exttiincion

A

when something that was conditioned gets unconditioned

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17
Q

Define Spontaneous recovery

A

when an extinct condition all of a sudden reappears

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18
Q

Define biological preparedness

A

brain is preprogrammed to do or don’t do some conditions

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19
Q

It is easy to learn and hard to unlearn and vice versas?

A

biological preparedness

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20
Q

What point of view is biological preparedness

A

evolutionary

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21
Q

Define vicarious conditioning

A

becoming classically conditioning by watching someone else respond to a stimulus

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22
Q

Define taste aversion

A

when you avoid a liquid or food that made you sick. sometimes you don’t realize you do this

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23
Q

Define voluntary behavior

A

reactions you have control over

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24
Q

What is the operant conditioning Paradigm?

A

B + C = P

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25
Q

What is B +C = P

A

Behavior + Consequence = Probability of repeating behavior

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26
Q

Define trial and error behavior

A

when you try stuff to see if it works and you keep trying stuff till you find the solution to your problem

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27
Q

Define Thorndike’s Law of Effect

A

behavior followed by satisfying consequences will be repeated.
behavior followed by unpleasant consequences will not be repeated.

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28
Q

How many types of consequences is there?

A

4

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29
Q

What are reinforcers?

A

Consequences that make a behavior more likely to happen again

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30
Q

What is a punisher?

A

Consequences that reduce the chance of a behavior to be repeated

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31
Q

Positive means

A

something added to the enviroment

32
Q

Example of a positive reinforcer?

A

dog sits. dog gets treat

33
Q

Example of Positive punisher?

A

Dog peas on floor. dog gets thumped on nose

34
Q

What does negative mean?

A

Something removed from environment

35
Q

Example of Negative reinfoorcer?

A

buckling seatbelt to get car beeping to stop

36
Q

Example of Negative Punisher?

A

teething to much. cell phone gets took away

37
Q

define primary reinforcer

A

reinforcer that fulfills basic need such as hunger

38
Q

example of primary reinforcer

A

candy bar for helping move books

39
Q

Define secondary reinforcer

A

gets its properties from previous experiences

40
Q

example of secondary reinforcer

A

Getting paid money for eloping move furniture

41
Q

Define Continous schedule of reinforcement.

A

has a ratio of 1:1

do something immediately rewarded

42
Q

define a Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

A

after so many actions you get rewarded

43
Q

Define variable ratio

A

after so many actions you get rewarded

the amount of actions average out to be the set ratio

44
Q

define fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

A

a reinforcer only is given at a certain time

45
Q

What is a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

A

reinforcers only occur over a spaced out amount o time

pop quizzes

46
Q

Define ratio

A

predetermined number of responses

47
Q

Define interval

A

period of time

48
Q

discrimination and Generalization

A

stimulus control training

saying yes mam/sir and no mam/sir is an example

49
Q

Define superstitious behavior

A

happens when someone makes a connection between irrelevant event and a consequence

50
Q

Example of superstitious behavior

A

lucky socks make me make A’s

51
Q

Define shaping

A

teaching of something that can not be learned by trial-n-error

52
Q

Example of shaping

A

learning to set a table

learning to drive

53
Q

The power of punishment leaves when ________

A

the threat of punishment disappears

54
Q

Punishment can often trigger _________

A

aggresion

55
Q

Punishment may inhibit_______

A

learning new and better responses

56
Q

Punishment is usually applied___________

A

unevenly

57
Q

When does punishment work?

A

when their is a good relationship as in parent -child relationship

58
Q

Effective plan of punishment:

A
  1. Punishment of the wrong behavior should be paired, whenever possible, with reinforcement of the right behavior
  2. Punishment should be consistent.
  3. Punishment should immediately follow the behavior it is meant to punish
59
Q

Define cognitive-social theory:

A

states learning effects behavior and mentally

60
Q

Examples of the Cognitive Theory

A

Insight learning
Latent Learning
Observational learning

61
Q

Define insight learning

A

when you see something and the answer just comes to you.

something that just clicks

62
Q

Test that demonstrates insight learning

A

Kohler and the primates

63
Q

Experiment that demonstrates latent learning

A

Rats in a maze

64
Q

Rats in thee maze group 1 was________

A

rewarded each time at end of the maze. learned quickly.

65
Q

Rats in maze group 2 was_______

A

in maze everyday. only rewarded on the tenth day. demonstrated learning maze almost immediately after receiving reward

66
Q

In rats in the maze group 3 what?

A

never learned the maze. never were rewarded

67
Q

What did rat in the maze find?

A

Support for the idea of latent learning and cognitive mapping

68
Q

Experiment that demonstrated Observational learning

A

Albert bandura and the Bobo Dolls

69
Q

What did Bobo Doll experiment consist of doing?

A

he filmed an adult model hitting a Bobo Doll. Then he filmed another video of the man body-slammin the Bobo Dolltelling it cruel stuff

70
Q

The contol group of children saw what in the Bobo experiment?

A

video of man just hitting doll.

71
Q

What did the experimental group of kids see in the Bobo experiment?

A

Video of man body-slamming bobo

72
Q

what did Albert bandura’s Bobo doll experiment find?

A

Support for Observational learning

73
Q

What does observational learning consist of:

A
  1. Attention
  2. Memory
  3. imitation
  4. Motivation
74
Q

define Long-term potention

A

biological process involving physical changes that strengthen the synapses in groups of nerve cells

75
Q

What is believed to be the neural basis of learning?

A

Long-term potent ion

Psychology Test 2 (2 decks)

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