Chapter 4 Flashcards
define consciousness:
awareness of everything that is goin around you and inside your head that help you organize your behavior
Define Waking Consciousness
When you are aware without interference
ex. of interference: drugged, drunk, hypnotized
Are you conscious while asleep?
Yes
What type of process is sleep?
complex
define altered state of consciousness:
when there is a shift in quality or pattern of your mental activity
How many levels of consciousness is there?
4
all are present at the same time
Define conscious awareness:
everything that you are aware of around you.
What state are you in consciousness when you are focused on something?
conscious awareness
Define preconscious:
anything that is stored in explicit memory
Define explicit memory:
how you understand language and all kinds of other stuff
Define subconscious:
things happening to your senses that are not important enough to be brought to your attention
What causes you to react to something not knowing what you are reacting to?
SUBCONSCIOUS
Define unconscious:
Cant get to on purpose
unavailable to your conscious
ex. is potty training
Why do we sleep?
Fix memory and nerves in REM
Fix physically in NREM
Define restorative theory.
sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body
Define Adaptive Theory:
sleep is a product of evolution
ex. we sleep at night to avoid going about when we cant see
Define circadian rhythm:
Circa means about
Diem means day
is a cycle that takes about a day to finish
The internal clock is____
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located:
hypothalamus
How is the pons involved in sleep?
mostly involved in the REM stage
signals thalamus, cerebrum, and motor neurons in spinal cord which causes dreams
Define sleep paralysis
when in REM sleep voluntary muscles are paralyzed
What does sleep deprivation cause?
It compromises performance
Define micro sleeps:
brief sidesteps into sleep lasting a few seconds.
Define NREM sleep
deep sleep
most restful kind of sleep
How many stages of NREM sleep is there
4
define REM:
active stage of sleep
dreaming time
Sleep cycles last______
90 minutes
What do alpha waves represent in sleep:
stage of relaxation
light sleep
What do theta waves represent in sleep:
indicates early stages of sleep
What do delta waves represent in sleep____
deepest state of sleep
Sleep walking is more common in_____
boys
Another name for sleepwalking
somnambulism
sleepwalking happens more if you are
fatigued
Define night terror:
screaming in your sleep
What type of sleep is paradoxical sleep:
REM SLeep
Define REM Bound
when you spend more time in REM sleep after missing some the night before
The lack of REM sleep causes
Hallucinations
Define REM Behavior disorder:
when sleep paralysis fails and you are able to move in rem sleep. specially in nightmares
Sleep deprivation is caused by:
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
Define insomnia
inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, r get a good quality of sleep
Define sleep apnea
when a person stops breathing in their sleep for a period usually lasting 30 sec. happens multiple times in the night. causes snoring
Define narcolepsy
sleep seizure
causes to slip into rem sleep during day
associated with cataplexy
what does freud say dreams are
dreams are wish fulfillment
define manifest content
the dream at face value
Define latent content
hidden meaning of a dream. everything symbolizes
What is Freud’s theory often called
Royal Road
Define activation-synthesis hypothesis
dreams are a biological event.
Define activation-information-mode model
dreams are a combination of Freud’s theory and the activation synthesis hypothesis
what is hypnosis used to treat
pain
child birth
minor surgery
breaking behaviors
Who is hypnotizable
people with high IQs
What are the 4 elements of hypnosis?
- Hypnotist tells the person to focus on what is being said
- Person is told to relax and feel tired.
- Hypnotist tells the person to “let go” and accept suggestions easily.
- The person is told to use vivid imagination
Define psychoactive drugs
drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory
Define physical dependence
when the body becomes unable to function normally without the drug and the person is said to be dependent or addicted
Define tolerance
where you need more of the drug to get a buzz
sign of addiction
Define Withdrawal
if you try to get off of drugs and start having the shakes etc.
Define psychological dependence
belief that the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological wellbeing
Define stimulants
drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system
What are some stimulants:
Cocaine
caffeine
nicotine
amphetamines
Define depressants
drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system
What are some depressants
Alcohol
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
Define narcotics
Drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulation the nervous system’s natural receptors
What are some narcotics:
Opium
Morphine
Heroin
methadone
Define hallucinogens:
causes the brain to alter its interpretation of the senses
causes hallucinations
what are psychogenic drugs
hallucinogens
LSDs
come from a mushroom
one of the most powerful
What does PCP (Angel dust) cause
anger
cant feel pain
Where is mescaline derived from
from the peyote cactus buttons
What does psilocybin come from
from a mushroom the “magic mushroom”
What drug has never been overdosed on
Marijuana
Which drug is known to cause cancer
Marijuana
What is hashish
a hallucigeon
Define MDMA (Ecstacy or X)
designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects
lots of people die from it because dehydration
Define stimulatory hallucigeons
Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects
