Chapter 5 Flashcards
Epithelial tissue
Skin, glands, lining of internal surfaces
Epithelial characterizations
Cell junctions, avascular, high regeneration rates
Functions of epithelial
Physical protection, control permeability, produces specialized secretions
Simple squamous epithelium
Permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Absorption and secretion, mucus production, kidney linings
Simple columnar epithelium
Absorption and secretion, mucus secretion, inside lining of intestines
Pseudo-stratified epithelium
Secrets and propels mucus, line inside of airway
Mucous membrane
Lines passages that open to external environment (nose), absorptive, secretory, and protective functions
Keratinized stratified squamous
Skin, packed with dead cells
Non keratinized stratified squamous
No surface of dead cells, vagina
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Secretes sweat, sperm and ovarian hormones, testes ovaries
Connective tissue
Matrix tissue which cells usually occupy less space than extra cellular material
Functions of connective tissue
Binding organs, support, physical and immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport
Areolar tissue
Papillary layer of dermis, stretch, snap back, connect skin to muscle
Adipose tissue
Adipocytes- dominant cell, fat cells, layer between skin and muscle
Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous layers, padding around organ, breasts
Dense regular connective tissue
Tendons/ligaments, strength, fibers run in same direction
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dermis, strength in all directions of skin, fibers go all different directions
Cartilage
Lack blood supply, supportive CT
Hyaline cartilage
Trachea/bronchi, hold open airway, padding bones
Elastic cartilage
Ear, lots of flexibility
Fibro cartilage
Intervertebral disks, really strong
Spongy bone
End of long bones
Compact bone
Outside of bones
Blood
Fluid CT, transport cells and dissolved matter
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells- hemoglobin
Leukocytes
White blood cells, defense
Platelets
Cell fragments
Nervous tissue
Communication, electrical/chemical signals
Neurons
Nerve cells
Nervous tissue
Brain
Muscular tissue
Elongated cells specialized for contraction
Skeletal muscle
Muscles, voluntary
Cardiac muscle
Heart, involuntary
Smooth muscle
Wall of hallow organs, blood vessels
Intracellular junctions
Connections between one cell and another
Tight junction
Region in which adjacent cells are bound together by fusion of their plasma membranes (epithelial tissue)
Gap junctions
Formed by ring like connexon (kidneys)
Regeneration
Replacement of dead or damaged cells by same type as before
Fibrosis
Replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue
Atrophy
Shrinkage of tissue through loss in cell size of number
Necrosis
Premature, pathological death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, or infections
Apoptosis
Programmed call death
