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HINM 115 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Cheeks form the walls of the oral cavity

A

bucc/o

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2
Q

Lips surround the opening of the cavity

A

(cheil/o or labi/o)

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3
Q

The hard palate forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

A

(plata/o)

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4
Q

The soft palate is posterior to the hard palate.

A

(plata/o)

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5
Q

Ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate (the front part)

A

Rugae

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6
Q

Hangs from the soft palate (aids the production of sounds and speech)

A

Uvula

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7
Q

(uvul/o)

A

Uvula

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8
Q

It moves food around during mastication (chewing)
and deglutition (swallowing)

A

tongue

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9
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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10
Q

Taste buds; are sensitive to chemical nature of foods and allow discrimination of different tastes as food moves across the tongue.

A

Papillae

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11
Q

Lie on both sides of the oropharynx;
They protect the body from invasion of microorganisms and produce lymphocytes, disease-fighting WBC’s

A

Tonsils

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12
Q

tonsill/o)

A

Tonsils

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13
Q

Fleshy tissue surrounding the sockets of the teeth

A

Gums

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14
Q

gingiv/o

A

Gums

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15
Q

dent/i

A

teeth

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16
Q

(odont/o)

A

teeth

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17
Q

Part above the gum line

A

crown

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18
Q

within the bony tooth socket

A

root

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19
Q

Protects the tooth (hardest tissue in the human body)
-translucent

A

Enamel

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20
Q

the main substance of the tooth, lies beneath the enamel and
extends throughout the crown

A

Dentin

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21
Q

covers, protects, and supports the dentin in the root

A

Cementum

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22
Q

surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket

A

Periodontal membrane

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23
Q

Lies underneath the dentin

A

Pulp (root canal)

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24
Q

salivary gland near the ear

A

parotid

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25
Q

smallest salivary gland (under mouth)

A

sublingual gland

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26
Q

salivary gland under the lower jaw

A

submandibular gland

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27
Q

Passageway for air traveling in the nose to the windpipe (trachea) and for food traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus

A

throat (pharynx)

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28
Q

When swallowing (deglutition), a flap of tissue covers the food so that it cannot fall into the trachea (windpipe)

A

Epiglottis

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29
Q

the involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus (and other gastrointestinal organs

A

Peristalsis

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30
Q

control what comes in and out of the stomach (controls the opening and exit)–> It helps food from not flowing in the opposite direction (regurgitating)

A

Sphincters

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31
Q

relaxes and contracts to let food enter from the esophagus (ENTER) (LES)

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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32
Q

increase surface area for digestion and contain glands that produce pepsin enzyme

A

Rugae

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33
Q

allows food to exit the stomach and enter the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

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34
Q

receives food from the stomach and bile from the liver and gallbladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreas (bile and juices help further digest food

A

Duodenum

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35
Q

Middle part of small intestines

A

Jejunum

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36
Q

attaches to the first part of the large intestine

A

ileum

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37
Q

What lines the walls of the small intestine?

A

Villi

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38
Q

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

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39
Q

chemical that speeds up reactions and helps digest
foods

A

enzyme

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40
Q

First part of the large intestine connecting to the ileum

A

Cecum

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41
Q

What hangs from the cecum

A

appendix

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42
Q

extends from the cecum (when it turns left to go to the transverse colon –> underlines the liver)

A

Ascending colon

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43
Q

Horizontal colon

A

transverse colon

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44
Q

attached to the transverse colon–>going all the way down to the sigmoid colon

A

descending colon

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45
Q

Shaped like an S; begins at the distal end of the descending colon and leads into the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

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46
Q

the process of the passage of feces from the body through the anus

A

defecation

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47
Q

Receives the fluid waste products of digestion (the material unable to pass into the bloodstream) (ex: water)

Stores this waste until they can be released from the body

A

Large intestine

48
Q

Manufacturing bile

Maintaining normal blood glucose levels by storing excess glucose in from bloodstream and storing it as glycogen (starch)

A

Liver

49
Q

breakdown (conversion) of starch to sugar

A

Glycogenolysis

50
Q

process of forming new sugar from proteins and fats

A

gluconeogenesis

51
Q

one of the pigments that are produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin during normal RBC breakdown

A

bilirubin

52
Q

when the bile duct is blocked or the liver is damaged and unable to excrete bilirubin into the bile, the bilirubin remains in the bloodstream causing a yellow discoloration in the skin, white of the eyes, and mucous membranes.

A

Jaundice

53
Q

brings blood to the liver from the intestines

A

the portal vein

54
Q

high levels of pigment in the blood (jaundice)

A

hyperbilirubinemia

55
Q

Which organ secretes insulin?

A

pancreas

56
Q

Bowel

A

intestine

57
Q

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

A

common bile duct

58
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

59
Q

primary material found in teeth

A

dentin

60
Q

breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

A

emulsification

61
Q

Hard, outer most layer of a tooth

A

enamel

62
Q

soft tissue within a tooth

A

pulp

63
Q

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

A

pylorus

64
Q

any one of four teeth in the dental arch (begins with in)

A

incisor

65
Q

hormone that helps transport sugar into the blood

A

insulin

66
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

67
Q

membrane (peritoneal fold) that holds the intestines
together

A

Mesentery

68
Q

When fluid passes from the bloodstream and collects in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

69
Q

Lack of appetite

A

Anorexia

70
Q

bowel sounds

A

borborygmi

71
Q

Difficulty in passing stools (feces)

A

constipation

72
Q

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

A

Diarrhea

73
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

74
Q

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

A

Eructation

75
Q

Gas expelled through anus

A

Flatus

76
Q

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

A

Hematochezia

77
Q

chezia=

A

defecation

78
Q

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

A

Jaundice

79
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

high levels of bilirubin in the blood

80
Q

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

A

Melena

81
Q

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

A

Nausea

82
Q

Fat in the feces

A

Steatorrhea

83
Q

Steatorrhea

A

fat in the feces

84
Q

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers (canker sores

A

Aphthous stomatisis

85
Q

Dental plaque results from the accumilation of foods on tooth enamel

A

Dental caries

86
Q

Inflammation of the mouth

Blisters on lips (cold sores)

A

Herpetic Stomatitis

87
Q

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

A

Oral leukoplakia

88
Q

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

A

periodontal disease

89
Q

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

A

Achalsia

90
Q

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

A

Esophageal cancer

91
Q

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

92
Q

Malignant tumor of the stomach

A

Gastric cancer

93
Q

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

94
Q

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

A

Hernia

95
Q

occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

96
Q

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

A

peptic ulcer

97
Q

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

A

Anal fistula

98
Q

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

A

Colonic polyps

99
Q

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

A

Cron’s disease

100
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

A

colorectal disease

101
Q

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal
wall of the colon

A

diverticulosis

102
Q

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly
caused by bacterial infection

A

dysentery

103
Q

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

A

hemorrhoids

104
Q

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the
intestines

A

ileus

105
Q

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

106
Q

Telescoping of the intestines.

A

intussusception

107
Q

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating,
diarrhea, constipation) without structural
abnormalities in the intestines

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

108
Q

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of
ulcers.

A

ulcerative colitis

109
Q

Twisting of the intestine on itself

A

volvulus

110
Q

cholecystitis

A

(inflammation and
infection of the gallbladder

111
Q

(laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

removing gallbladder and stones

112
Q

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

A

Cirrhosis

113
Q

hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)

A

Liver cancer

114
Q

cholangiocarcinomas

A

Liver cancers that begin in the bile ducts

115
Q

Lapar/o and celi/o mean

A

HINM 115 (14 decks)

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